19 
anterior segments narrow rapidly forwards, the one next the head 
being at its apex less than half the diameter of the fourth. The 
three posterior segments are also somewhat narrowed, the penulti- 
mate being about three-fourths the diameter of the second preceding. 
The head (Fig.. 4) is provided beneath with the pair of black, 
toothed hooks common to many dipterous maggots. ‘lhe antenne are 
very short, scarcely longer than broad, two-jointed, the second joint 
extensile. There are two circular, apparently sensory areas below 
the antenne upon the front of the head, doubtless representing 
maxillary palpi. The mouth is beneath the head, sucker-like in 
form. The last or anal segment is divided into two lobes, and bears 
upon its posterior surface two breathing-pores or spiracles, each 
guarded by a circlet of about twelve depressed spines. The surface 
of the larva is entirely smooth and shining, except for some very 
fine transverse ridges on the under side of the segments, evidently 
useful in locomotion. On each side of the base of the second seg- 
ment is a small, gill-like appendage, divided into two lobes, each 
lobe with six divisions. 
Pupa. (Plate I, Figs. 6, 7 and 8). The pupa of this species is 
what is technically known as a coarctate pupa, contained within 
the last skin of the larva, which is not shed previous to transform- 
ation, but remains as a protective envelope for the forming pupa. 
As the latter shows through its case, the color is green, except at 
the ends, where, with the growth of the pupa within, the case is 
left empty and transparent. It is about one-sixth of an inch long 
by one-fifth that width, and divided into ten clearly recognizable 
segments. The anterior of these, corresponding to the head and 
first segment of the larva, is yellowish, shrunken, and corrugated, 
about half the width of the third segment. The second and third 
are obscurely divided, the first being short, and narrowing rapidly 
forward. Within it are observed the retracted mavxille of the old 
larva. 
The remaining segments to the eighth are about equal in length, 
separated by deeply impressed sutures at first, the anterior sutures 
becoming gradually obliterated as the enlargement of the head and 
thorax of the pupa within distends the envelope. The ninth seg- 
ment is the longest of all, the tenth being nearly equally long, but 
narrower, and shrunken and wrinkled on its posterior border. The 
eleventh, representing the twelfth of the larva, is only a brown and 
corrugated rudiment. As the development of the pupa approaches 
completion, the eyes, wing-pads and legs are visible through the 
transparent covering, but they form no elevations of the surface. 
LIFE HiSTORY. 
Larva. My first acquaintance with the larva of this fly dates 
from March 12, 1883, at which time Mr. D. S. Harris, of Cuba, 
Fulton county, informed me that he had received from farmers in 
his vicinity specimens of winter wheat which had been killed by a 
small, slender, footless maggot, infesting the plants just above the 
root. At my request, he kindly sent me examples of the injured 
wheat containing the larve, and these were received on the 20th of 
