29 
or more above the upper internode. This larva pupates in the 
sheath, and the flies of this second brood escape from the straw in 
July and August ready to lay their eggs on the young wheat in fall. 
The multiplication of the species is severely checked by a hymen- 
opterous parasite (Calinius meromyze), which seems to be much the 
most destructive to the winter brood. As a remedy, late sowing 
and rotation of crops are suggested as the simplest and most effec- 
tive preventive measures. 
