26 
of three, one of which had already emerged as an adult insect, 
while two or three had completed their transformations in the straw, 
and escaped when this was opened. All the adults were wingless, 
and the pupeze removed for examination were likewise destined to 
appear as wingless females. 
INJURIES TOC GRAIN. 
Under this head, I can only add to the account given by Prof. 
French in the Eleventh Report from this office, the fact that the 
straw worm was found in i883, everywhere prevalent throughout 
Southern Illinois along the line of the Central Railroad, from 
Du Quoin southward. Its abundance was clearly dependent, to a 
very considerable extent, upon the crop to which the ground had 
been previously devoted, no injury being apparent unless wheat had 
been raised in the same field for at least one year preceding. 
Although the Hessian fly was extraordinarily destructive at Du Quoin 
this year, a careful estimate was made of the relative abundance of 
this insect and the wheat-straw worm, with the result that they 
seemed to be about equally injurious. In some fields it was deter- 
mined that, on a general average, half the straws were infested by 
these latter larve. They were usually so low in the straw as to be 
left in the stubble, by far the greater number occurring between the 
root and the fourth imternode above, the majority being just above 
the third jomt. Occasionally, however, one was seen above the 
fourth or fifth. Many of the stalks infested were of less than aver- 
age leneth, and sometimes two or three specimens occurred in a 
single stalk. 
In order to make the present account of this insect practically 
complete, I quote from the Eleventh Report the remarks of Prof. 
French upon the character of the injury: ‘“The larve were found 
inside the culm or stalk, a few inches from the ground, very seldom 
in the straw between the head and the upper joint, more frequently 
in the straw below this upper joint, and in the next. internode below. 
They were in the interior of the stalk, usually close to or a little 
above the joint or node, working in the soft tissue forming the 
interior, the natural cavity serving in most cases to contain them; 
but in some instances they gnaw a partial channel to one side of 
this. Where the stalk is large they may sometimes be found com- 
pletely imbedded in the tissue of the stalk, just outside the hollow 
center, but in such instances they were always pretty close to or in 
the joint, where the stalk tissue is thickest. 
‘Sometimes more than one worm would be found in the same stalk, 
but in such cases they would be found in different parts of the same 
internode or in different internodes, it being no uncommon thing to 
find two internodes infested. In no instance did I find a stalk 
swollen by their presence, as in the case of stalks infested with 
joint-worms (Isosoma hordei), there being no external indication of 
the presence of the worm other than a somewhat premature ripen- 
ing of the grain and less of it in the head. While the natural 
cavity in the internodes furnished them a retreat often large enough 
awe 
