a2 is 
the preceding segment are also black. The beak is long, reaching 
to the abdomen; the body measures 1.57 mm. by .7 mm.; and the 
wing is 1.7 mm. long. The tip of the abdomen is hairy, the tail is 
minute, the cornicles wanting, being represented by a simple pore on 
the surface, measuring 0.13 mm. in diameter and having the appear- 
ance of a black circlet within a dusky patch. 
4 LIFE HISTORY. 
Some remarkable discoveries have recently been made in this 
country and in Europe with respect to the life history of the Sehizo- 
neure which produce galls upon the leaves of trees, but much less 
is known of those which frequent the roots of grasses. By Lich- 
tenstein, some of the latter are believed to be intermediate stages of 
forms which pass the rest of their lives upon other plants; but 
until his conclusions are supported by careful experiment, they can- 
not be accepted as established. 
My own observations of this species cover only the period from 
June to October. On the 13th of June, winged and wingless 
females were found upon the roots of Setaria and Panicum in corn 
fields, and specimens were noticed likewise upon the roots of a 
single hill of corn. On the 25th and 31st of July, the wingless 
female was seen upon the roots of sorghum at Champaign, and on 
the 11th of August upon the roots‘of grass; and on the 22d of 
October again, the same form occurred upon sorghum roots. - 
As this species was found everywhere most carefully guarded and 
watched by ants, I have little doubt that its life history is at least 
extremely similar to that of its Huropean ally, Schizoneuwra venusta, 
Pass. 
Karly in July Lichtenstein found upon the roots of Setaria viridis 
and S. verticillata, in Europe, winged individuals of Schizoneura 
venusta, a species with which our own S. panicola is probably iden- 
tical. These being unable to penetrate the earth, remained station- 
ary until found by ants; which then bit off their wings, dug holes 
in the earth, and through these carried the now wingless lice to the 
small rootlets of the grass, afterwards visiting them regularly for 
their honey-dew. 
From these lice, another winged generation descended later, to 
which the ants gave a very different reception. Instead of biting 
off their wings, as if to hold them captive, the ants dug new chan- 
nels to the surface to enable the lice of this generation to escape, 
and spread the species abroad. As the ant in question is another 
species of the genus Lasius, to which our own nurse of the root- 
lice belongs, there is every probability that the association of these 
Aphides and ants will be found to have in this country similar pur- 
poses to those discovered in EKurope. 
By Lubbock, Lasius flavus has been seen to collect the root forms 
and the eggs of plant-lice in autumn, and to convey them to its 
own nest for hibernation, protecting them during the winter, and 
scattering them abroad again in spring upon the plants which the 
lice normally infest. : 
