D:iSTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. 
In Lllinois this species has been reported from various situations 
throughout the State, from Rockford on the north, to Carbondale to 
the southward, and from Peoria, McLean and Grundy counties in 
Central Illinois. To the eastward, it is known from Maine, Connec- 
ticut, New York, New Jersey, Ontario and Michigan, and to the 
westward from Iowa and Missouri. It did considerable local mis- 
chief in Ontario in 1873, and was so destructive in some parts of 
Iowa in 1874, as to compel the plowing up of the plants. In 1877, 
it was equally destructive in Grundy county, Illinois, where some 
fruit growers sacrificed their fields to destroy the insect; and here 
it continued a serious pest during the two years following. Com- 
monly, however, although it is rarely altogether absent from straw- 
berry fields, it is practically harmless, not occurring in numbers 
sufficient to make any visible impression on the plants. 
HABITS, AND INJURY TO THE STRAWBERRY. 
The eggs, which are laid in the leaf-stalk, imbibe moisture as they 
mature, and consequently cause a swelling of the stem. The gravity 
of the injury done by the larvee has already been mentioned under the 
preceding head, and it only remains to say that they attack the 
plant by riddling the leaves with holes, with the necessary effect, 
when numerous, to retard its growth, or sometimes even to kill it, 
and to greatly diminish the ‘crop. “When not feeding they rest on 
the under side of the leaf coiled in a spiral, the tail occupying the 
center, and fall to the ground at the slightest disturbance.” 
NATURAL ENEMIES. 
Mr. Galusha has remarked that the part of an infested field which 
was freely visited by chickens was not injured by the worms, and 
Mr. Hofmeister, of lowa, reports that bluebirds and chipping-spar- 
rows ate them greedily in his fields: but with the exception of these 
two rather indefinite items of information, we have no knowledge of 
any natural enemy of this pest. There can be little doubt, however, 
that parasites, either insect or fungous, really infest this species, 
and may be discovered by properly directed observations. In fact 
the extraordinary inconstancy of its numbers would of itself be suffi- 
cient to indicate strongly the action of destructive parasites, either 
animal or vegetable. 
REMEDIES. 
I very much regret to have to treat of remedies for this insect 
while the very basis of remedial recommendations is yet in some 
doubt. If this insect is two-brooded, as reported by Riley, a second 
brood of larve appearing on the leaves in July and August, it may 
be destroyed by simple and easy measures; while if the opinions of 
Messrs. Galusha and French and Miss Smith are to be accepted, it 
is a difficult species to manage, and its attacks must be met, as far 
as possible, by quite other methods. 
