83 
lines are barely discernable in the better marked individuals; a row 
of distinct black dots along the posterior border; the ordinary spots 
represented by blurred marks or entirely obsolete; the undulate line 
across posterior fourth of wing distinct, and relieved inside by a pale 
coincident shade, with the teeth quite aciculate and with the psi-spot 
so characteristic of the genus, but rarely traceable; fringe narrow 
and generally entire. Hind wings pure white, with a faint row of 
dark spots around posterior border. Under side of both wings 
white, with faint fulvous tint and faint irrorations; each wing show- 
ing the brown discal spot and the row of points at posterior “border. 
Head and thorax speckled gray; abdomen whitish-gray; antennz 
short, simple in both sexes, gray above and brown below; palpi 
small. ‘Two specimens with the front wings very dark, showing the 
ordinary lines and spots conspicuously, and with the antenne brown 
above as well as below. Average leneth, 0.75; expanse, 1.75 inches.” 
' Larva.—|Plate VI, Fig. 3, a]. “Prevailing color, black. EKach 
joint with a transverse, dorsal, crimson-red band across the middle 
from stigmata to stigmata, and containing six warts, each furnish- 
ing ten or twelve or more stiff yellow or fulvous bristles, and the 
two dorsal ones being farthest apart. A sub-dorsal, longitudinal, 
yellow line, interrupted by this transverse band and at incisures in 
such a manner that the black dorsum appears somewhat diamond- 
shaped on each joint. A broad, wavy, bright-yellow stigmatal line, 
containing a yellow bristle- bearing wart in middle of each joint. 
Lateral space occupied with different sized, pale yellow spots, largest 
towards dorsum. Head chestnut-brown. Venter crimson-black, with 
bristle-bearing warts of same color. Stigmata oblong-oval and pale. 
Thoracic legs black; prolegs with black extremities. Such is the 
normal appearance of this larva, but it is very variable. In some 
the yellow seems to predominate over the black, and there is a 
more or less distinct dorsal line. In some this dorsal line forms a 
mere speck at the incisures of the middle jomts. The transverse 
crimson band is often entirely obsolete, and the warts distinctly 
separated, while in others where this band is distinct, the warts 
frequently coalesce.” 
Pupa.—Almost black, and shagreened with the exception of a 
smooth and polished rim, at posterior border of joints, which become 
reddish, especially ventrally, on the three joints immediately below 
wing-sheaths. Terminal joint horizontally compressed, squarely cut 
off, and furnished with a little brush of short, evenly-shorn, stiff, 
rufous bristles. 
LIFE HISTORY AND INJURIES. 
This insect hibernates in the cocoon (Plate VI, Fig. 3, b), and 
seems to be either single- or double-brooded, according to latitude. 
In Missouri there are two broods in a year, by Prof. Ril ley’s account, 
the moths of the first brood escaping from the cocoons in May (the 
larve resulting appearing chiefly in June); and the second brood of 
moths occurring in July and the larve late in the fall. In the 
North-east, the moths escape from the hibernating cocoons in June, 
as reported by observers in Canada* and Massachusetts, + and the 
* Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 1872, p 
+ The Canadian Entomologist, Vol. X (1878), p. 66. Rene Vol. II, p. 34 (May and June, 
1877). 
