92 
July 21, and the first imagos appeared on the 24th. Several 
emerged on the 27th, and the last of the lot compieted their trans- 
formations July 380. 
On a subsequent visit to Union county, in Southern Illinois, 
August 2, all stages were found in the tields; and from larve and 
pup collected at this time the moths appeared at intervals from 
the Sth of August to the 23d. 
Without additional data it will be impossible to make out the full 
life history of this leaf-roller to the southward, but fortunately we 
have enough to show the time at which remedial measures should 
there be applied. 
INJURY TO THE STRAWBERRY. 
The method and amount of the injury have been sufficiently 
characterized by previous writers. The+larve begin by forming a 
web upon the upper surface of the leaf, by means of which, in some 
unexplained way, they double the two halves of the leaf together, so 
that the insects themselves are concealed in the fold. Here they 
eat away the surface of the leaf, so that it withers and turns brown. 
It is not an uncommon thing for them to destroy the field com- 
pletely, so that scarcely a single green leaf will be apparent. They 
thus not only ruin the crop, but may even kill most of the plants 
outright. 
INJURIES TO OTHER PLANTS. 
Mr. John Shoemaker, of Muscatine, is cited in the State Horti- 
cultural Report of Iowa, for 1882, as authority for the statement 
that this species affects the raspberry, occurring on his place in 
raspberries adjacent to infested strawberries. It was found 
common in red raspberry fields in Southern L[llinois last August, 
doubling up and destroying the leaves of this plant in a manner 
precisely similar to that of its attack upon the strawberry. It was 
somewhat less abundant than in strawberry fields near by, but was 
still numerous enough to menace the future of that crop. These 
specimens agreed in larval characters, in every particular, with those 
found in strawberry fields, and a number of them which were reared 
to the imago produced the same moth. It was also rarely found 
upon the blackberry in the same vicinity; and I am informed by 
Prof. Fernald that Miss M. EK. Murtfeldt has bred it from this plant 
near St. Louis. 
NATURAL ENEMIES. 
No parasite or other natural enemy of this species has hitherto 
been reported; but from a breeding’ cage containing larve of this 
and another leaf-roller* presently to be described, I obtained, last 
July, specimens of a hymenopterous parasite belonging to the genus 
Bracon. Unfortunately, however, it is impossible to tell from which 
of these species this parasite was bred. 
REMEDIES. 
The only remedy suggested by Walsh and Riley is the complete 
destruction of the plants at the season of the year when larve and 
pupe are upon the vines. In the ‘‘Prairie Farmer” letter of Dr. 
* Vacecia obsoletana. 
