iat 
the time when this insect is most active. Unless, therefore, pyre- 
thrum should prove more effective than seems likely, there is no 
apparent remedy for its injuries to the strawberry crop, except cap- 
ture with the insect net. This method would probably be found as 
effective as any other in combating it in the vineyard and nursety, 
although the application of kerosene would here be proper. 
2. An insect enclosed in a webbed cluster of leaves and blossoms. 
THE STRAWBERRY Lower Worm (Eccopsis permundana, Clem.) 
Order Lermortrera. Family Torrricipm. 
This is an especially annoying and destructive leaf-roller, because, 
unlike the other species mentioned, it prefers the flowers and flower- 
buds to the leaves, webbing a cluster of them together, and feeding 
on them within the ball. It attacks not only the strawberry, but 
the blackberry, raspberry, hazel and Spirea. 
Mr. Saunders mentions a fruit grower in Canada, who lost nearly 
half his strawberry crop from the ravages of this insect in 1868 and 
1869, and Prof. Comstock found it doing a great deal of damage to 
raspberries near Ithaca, New York, in 1880. On this plant and the 
blackberry it spins the terminal leaves together into a more or less 
twisted mass, within which it feeds. This species has not been re- 
ported from Illinois, but as it certainly occurs on both sides of us, 
from Maine to Missouri, it doubtless infests our fields also. 
It was first described by Dr. Clemens, in the Proceedings of the 
Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences for 1860 (p. 856); and 
seems first to have been reported as an enemy of the strawberry by 
Mr. Saunders, in the Report of the Ontario Entomological Society 
for 1872 (p. 20). Prof. Comstock’s account of its work on the rasp- 
berry is contained in his Report as United States Entomologist for 
1880. The larva is very briefly described by Clemens and Saunders, 
and the latter writer gives a few particulars relating to the life 
history of the species. Prof. Comstock describes the larva and pupa 
(as Exartema permumdana), and gives an account of their transform- 
ations as observed in New York. 
The larva which works this mischief is about five-eighths of an 
inch in length when full-grown, of a dark green color, touched with 
yellowish at the junction of the segments, the head and cervical 
shield being pitchy black. It is unusually active when disturbed, 
quickly letting itself down from the rolled leaves by a fine silken 
thread. If, however, it is not further disturbed, it gradually draws 
itself up again. 
The pupa is of a light brown color, two-fifths of an inch long; 
covers of the hind wings with a rounded prominence at the base. 
Abdomen terminated by a three-pointed prominence, with the usual 
minute hooks. 
