134 
air, but were not dried off as in the preceding case by being placed 
upon blotting paper. In twenty minutes all those treated were 
helpless, and in two hours their condition was unchanged. In 
twenty hours all but eight were dead, and five hours later these 
had likewise perished. 
Finally, this last experiment was repeated substantially upon 
thirty-five adults, except that immediately after spraying them with 
kerosene emulsion, they were placed upon absorbent paper, and ex- 
posed to the air in a breeding cage. In half an hour two had 
crawled away, and one of the others showed signs of life. In an 
hour and a half all three of these had escaped, one more was de- 
cidedly active, and a fifth was feebly active. In another hour thirty 
were apparently lifeless, the remaining five having recovered and 
escaped. Seven hours after the application these thirty were still 
motionless and, evidently, altogether dead. 
As a result of the experiments with the kerosene emulsion, it is 
clear that spraying with a mixture containing five per cent. of kero- 
sene is an effective remedy, and that it will be found available for 
field use. The escape of a few of those experimented upon was, 
probably, chiefly due to the unequal mixture of the fluid. 
SUMMARY. 
The tarnished plant bug is one of the true bugs, consequently 
destitute of jaws and provided with a suctorial beak. The adult 
or winged form is about a fifth of an inch in length by half that 
in width, oval, yellow, or greenish yellow, more or less striped or 
mottled with dusky. It is extremely variable, but the most constant 
marks are five longitudinal white lines on the thorax (often reduced 
to spots, which then occupy the anterior margin), a white y-shaped 
mark on the secutellum, which is sometimes broken into three white 
points arranged in a triangle, and a white blotch tipped with black 
near the end of the wing covers. 
The young are much less variegated than the adult, and more 
distinctly green. There are four stages between the egg and the 
mature insect, corresponding to as many different moults. In all 
except the first stage, the young may be distinguished by the pres- 
eee of five black dots upon the back arranged in a pentagonal 
orm. 
_ The old bugs winter under rubbish upon the ground, emerge early 
In spring, cluster upon the unfolding buds of fruit trees, the fresh 
fohage of strawberries and other early vegetation, and there lay 
their eggs, old and young together draining the sap of these succulent. 
growing parts. The effect is to arrest the development of the leaves, 
and even to kill them, and in the case of the strawberry to interfere 
with the growth of the fruit, sometimes, at least, causing what is 
known as the “buttoning’” of the berry. Later in the season, the 
buds and leaves of flowering plants and vegetables, especially the 
cabbage and potato, are attacked. 
There are at least two broods in a year, one maturing in May 
and June, and the other in July and August, and it is possible that 
there is still another intermediate. 
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