144 
ce. Small white grubs, not more than one-fifth of an inch in length, 
about twice as long as wide, with abdomen but little longer ° 
than head and thorax, and with tip of body not swollen. 
THe Strawperry Root-Worms. 
Colaspis brunnea, Fab. 
Paria aterrima, Oliv. 
Scelodonta pubescens, Mels. 
For similar reasons to those mentioned above, the root-worms are 
to be included under this head. All gnaw and perforate the main | 
root of the plant, often completely riddling it. Their injuries will be 
fully discussed under the section relating to the fibrous roots. 
E. InsuriInc THE FIBROUS ROOTS. 
1. Hard, cylindrical, straight larve (see page 140). 
2. Large white grubs. 
Tue Common WHITE GRuvss. 
Lachnosterna, sp. 
Order ContkoprEra. Family ScaraBpmipam. 
[Plate VII, Fig. 1.1 
These universally abundant and thoroughly well-known insects 
compel the especial attention of the strawberry grower, because of 
their injuries to the roots of his plants. They have been so fre- 
quently described and figured in generally accessible works, that it 
is not necessary to enter into detail in this connection, but I have 
pet it best to summarize here the essential facts relating to 
them. 
The insects commonly known as the ‘“‘white grubs,” or ‘“grub- 
worms” (Plate VII, Figs. 1, 2), belong to a variety of species which 
have been clearly discriminated in the beetle stage, but not in the 
larval condition. ‘hey are all large, soft-bodied, thick, white grubs, 
with yellowish or dark brown heads. The skin is so thin and 
transparent that the air tubes and viscera can be seen through it. 
The adults (Plate VII, Figs. 1, 3 and 4), are the ‘“‘May beetles,” 
or ‘June beetles,” or ‘‘dor-bugs,” so abundant in early summer, 
when they attract especial notice in their evening flights. Their 
bodies are oblong oval, convex, and generally of a brownish color. 
The antenne are commonly ten-jointed, the club consisting of three 
leaf-like pieces, which open and shut like the leaves of a book. 
The clypeus is short and wide, and the mandibles have a stout 
