166 
of the plants had been considerably riddled, in the meantime, not- 
withstanding the fact that the beetles were ‘rarely seen upon them. 
In confinement, the species is sluggish and prone to hide in rub- 
bish, and it is ‘perhaps of nocturnal habit. 
Careful search of previously infested strawberry fields late in July 
and early in August, gave us but a single beetle of this species. 
The above data enable us to say definitely that this insect is single- 
brooded, like its congeners, that it hibernates as nearly or quite full- 
grown larva in oval cells in the earth, an insignificant number of 
beetles of the preceding brood likewise sometimes surviving the winter ; 
that the change to pupa occurs in May, and that the beetles appear 
above ground in June. In July, doubtless, the eggs are laid, prob- 
ably in the ground, the young larve attacking the roots of the 
strawberry in that month and in August. It is thus in the late 
summer and early autumn months that this species does its mis- 
chief, as its active larval life terminates by November, even in a 
very warm and open season, and the larva does not seem to awake 
to feed in spring. 
COMPARISONS OF LIFE HISTORIES OF THE ROOT-WORMS. 
It will now be interesting and profitable to bring together, side by 
side, the life histories of these three companion species, as may be 
easily done in tabular form. 
In the following table each species is given three vertical columns, 
one for each of its stages; and each month of the year is given a 
horizontal band, intersecting all the colums; the period of the ob- 
served occurrence of the species in each stage being represented by 
a black line in the proper column extending through the horizontal 
Spaces corresponding to the months or parts of months in which 
specimens have been actually collected in that stage. Where the 
occurrence of any stage at any time isa matter of inference instead 
of observation, this black line is replaced by a dotted one. 
Finally, the three left-hand columns of the table show the rela- 
tion of the periods of active larval life of the three species; the 
times when the larve of each are getting their growth, and when, 
consequently, their mischief as root-worms is done: 
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