CHARTER ily: 
WARM-WEATHER BIRDS. 
During the spring migrations true warm-weather 
birds do not arrive until the ice has melted and the 
frost has disappeared from the ground. They return 
during the fall migration, before real cold weather 
sets in; although a cold snap may occasionally catch 
them further north than usual, it is invariably followed 
by moderating weather, or a bountiful supply of food 
entices them to stay longer than usual. They are 
generally distributed throughout the United States, 
breeding in every state in the Union, and some fami- 
lies have two broods during the year. They form the 
local ducks of the state they breed in, spread over the 
state after they have passed from flappers to flyers, and 
travel northward in small flocks into adjoining states 
during their fall northern flight. They arrive later in 
the spring and migrate earlier in the fall, and as a rule 
are not full-fledged until they arrive near the frost line. 
They seem to dislike ice and snow in the spring more 
than in the fall, owing, probably, to the coldness of the 
water, avoiding to a great extent streams fed by cold 
springs. Nearly three-fourths of our ducks belong to 
this class, some of which approach the cold-weather 
birds so closely in many characteristics that they may 
be considered intermediately or between them. 
The warm-weather birds of the non-divers are red- 
leg mallards, black ducks, bluewinged and cinnamon 
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