36 DIVERS—COLD-WEATHER DIVERS. 
scaup, black-tipped, with yellow eyes; whereas the 
canvas-back has red eyes. Its clutch is from eight to 
ten creamy white eggs. Length 22; wing 9.20; tarsus 
1.70; extent 33.00; middle toe 2.30. 
Genus Aythya—SvuBcENus Aythya. 
Aythya Americana—REDHEAD, PocHarRD.—Habitat. 
—From the Atlantic to the Pacific, north to British 
America, south to the West Indies and Central Amer- 
ica. The first spring flight of this well-known duck 
passes the frost line whilst the ice still remains upon 
our lakes, water only existing in open holes or chan- 
nels; the birds follow closely after the canvas-back 
and like that bird appear in good-sized flocks. They 
decoy readily to any open water, but are much easier 
to kill or catch when winged. They stay but a short 
time, working rapidly toward the north and going to 
the far end of the British Possessions. The second 
issue arrives about a week after the first has departed, 
if abundance of food be present; they stay until the 
advent of the third issue, then travel north also be- 
yond the boundary line. The third begins to pair upon 
reaching latitude 44° and spreads all over the country 
up to Manitoba. 
The first fall issue leaves the northern part of the 
United States shortly after the canvas-backs, follow- 
ing them to the celery beds; but are not so particular 
or choice in their food, for any kind of bulb or root 
which shows green shoots upon the bottom seems to 
be relished, whereby they can very properly be termed 
the hogs amongst the divers, never seeming to be 
tired of glutting themselves, and soon render the green 
