35 



which is found in the west, attacks the elm, sycamore, and sometimes 

 the pear. These borers belong to the order Hymenoptera, which con- 

 tains the bees, wasps, etc., and to the family Uroceridte, or '-horn-tails," 

 which in the perfect state are wasp-like insects, but are not constric- 

 teo at the waist as are the wasps. 



The other wood boring larvae found in this State, belong to the or- 

 der Coleoptera, and are beetles in the perfect state. Following the 

 characters we have selected, these larvae can be grouped into two sec- 

 tions : Those without legs and those possessing six small legs situat- 

 ed on the three front segments. 



The lootless borers belong to several widely different families, but 

 for the most part can be placed in their respective families by their 

 larval characters. For example the Buprestian larvae, those belong- 

 ing to the family Buprestidx which contains the saw-horned wood 

 beetles, may be fairly represented by the fiat headed apple tree borer 

 (Chrysobothri femorata) with which all orchardists are too familiar. The 

 head is small ; the segment behind the head much enlarged; the body 

 is somewhat flattened, especially the large segment ; it is without feet. 

 The raspberry cane-borer, (Agrilus ruficollis), although much narrower 

 and presenting some peculiar characters, still corresponds in general 

 characteristics with the flat headed apple tree borer. The beetles pro- 

 duced from larvae of this kind are oblong oval in shape, tapering be- 

 hind with rather short and usually minutely serrate antennae ; the 

 head is deeply sunk in the thorax, and they are generally more or 

 less distinctly marked with metal ic colors. 



The larva- which most closely resembles these are the footless larvae 

 of the long-horned wood beetles (Cerambycidse) , and belong chiefly to 

 the sub-family Lamides of which the round headed apple tree borer 

 (Saperda Candida), is a well known representative. These larvae often 

 have the front segment considerably enlarged, but it is not often so 

 large in proportion to the other segments as in the Buprestians ; it is 

 not usually flattened, but is nearly or quite cylindrical. It is some- 

 what difficult to fix upon any prominent larval characters which dis- 

 tinguish these groups from each other, and it is frequently difficult to 

 tell to which a larvae belongs, though, as a general rule, the char- 

 acters I have given will suffice for this purpose. 



There are other footless wood-boring larvae which can easily be dis- 

 tinguished from those mentioned by their minute size, seldom exceed- 

 ing one fourth of an inch in length, and often less than half that 

 length ; rather thick, tapering toward each extremity, and curved or 

 arched, with numerous transverse wrinkles. These belong to two 

 families. Curculionidse, or snout weevils, and Scolytidse, or bark miners. 

 The boring circulios chiefly direct attacks at the twigs, or the inner 

 bark of the trunk especially of the Conifera. The Scolytidse of our State 

 are bark miners ; a familiar example being the hickory bark miner 

 (Scolytus A-spinosus) , which forms the numerous radiating furrows so 

 frequently seen on the under surface of hickory bark. The perfect 

 insect is scarcely an eighth of an inch long, and is distinguished from 

 the Curcolios by the absence of a snout and by the remarkably large 

 thorax, which is nearly equal to the rest of the body. 



The other Coleopterous wood boring larvae have six, usually, very 

 small legs, situated on the front segments. This is characteristic of 



