15 



III. BIRDS. 



/. List of Those to be Preserved and Fostered. 



Blue birds, titmice (chicadees), warblers, (small warbling birds 

 found on trees and in gardens), kinglets, (ruby-crowned and golden- 

 crowned wrens), nut-batches and creepers (black, white and brown); 

 wrens, martins (swallows), vireos (greenlets), tanagers, finches, song 

 sparrow, chipping sparrow, field sparrow, clay-colored sparrow, black- 

 throated bunting, indigo bird, cardinal grosbeak, ground robin (che- 

 wink); blackbirds (crow, bobolinks, meadow lark and others); all the 

 fly-catchers (including king-birds and the pewee); cuckoos, night- 

 hawks (goat suckers and whip-poor-wills); swifts (chimney-swallows); 

 all the wood-peckers except the yellow-billed — sphyropicus varius — 

 (known in Central and Northern Illinois as the sap-sucker), and, per- 

 haps, also the large red-headed wood-pecker— Melaurerpexerylhrocephalus, 

 plovers, prairie snipe [prairie plover], quail. 



We also recommend to fruit growers the raising of all species of do- 

 mestic fowls except geese. 



2. List of Birds whose Habits are not Sufficiently Known to Justify full Re- 

 commendation, and ivhose Habits are sometimes Beneficial and sometimes 

 Injurious. 



Thrushes— including the common robin, cat-bird, mocking-bird, 

 brown thrasher, wood thrush, tawny thrush and hermit thrush. 



Shrikes-- including the great northern shrike and white rumpled 

 shrike [butcher bird], Savanna bunting, crow, blue-jay, red-headed 

 woodpecker, saw-whet owl screech-owl, horned lark, orchard oriole 

 and pigeons. 



3. List of Birds to be Destroyed. 



Cedar bird, Baltimore oriole [hanging bird], larger owls, hawks and 

 the yellow-billed woodpecker [sap-sucker of Central and Northern 

 Illinois]. This species is distinguished from the other small wood- 

 peckers by its pale yellowish breast, a large patch of black upon the 

 upper part of the breast ; the throat of the male is a bright red and 

 that of the female is white ; the adults, both male and female, have 

 the top of the head also red. These points distinguish it from the 

 downy woodpecker and the hairy woodpecker which it closely resem- 

 bles in size and form. These two species have the outer tail feathers 

 white [or in the former barred with black and white], while the sap- 

 sucker has the outer tail feathers black, while the center ones are nearly 

 white. The hairy woodpecker has a small red spot on the back of the 

 head only, which is easily distinguished from the red upon the head 

 of the yellow-billed [or sap-sucker] which extends from the beak cov- 

 ering almost the entire crown. 



4. Beneficial Insects, their Preservation and increase. 



Great care should be taken not to destroy the larvae or beetles of the 

 lady birds (lady bugs) — small, oval, spotted, turtle shaped beetles which 

 pass the winter in the beetle state. They are red, with black spots or 

 black with red spots; the larvae of these beetles are similar in shape to 

 that of the Colorado potato beetle, except that they are more slender, 

 smaller, quicker in motion, and always have spines on the back and 

 sides. 



