68 



various divisions of the class which will save repetition, and tr. 

 greatly shorten our work. 



The Insect Class is separated by the characters hereafter to be nan 

 mto seven Divisions called Orders. These have received the folio 

 ing names : 



Coleoptera. Which includs the beetles. 



Orthoptera. Including the cockroaches, crickets, katydids and grai 

 hoppers. 



Neuroptera. Including dragon flies or rnusquito hawks, lace-wi 

 flies, May flies, and white ants or termites. 



Hymenoptera. Including the wasps, bees, ants, saw flies, Ichneum 

 flies, etc. 



Lepidoptera. Including the butterflies and moths (or millers.) 



Hemiptera. Including bark-lice, plant-lice, such bugs as the squa 

 bug and three-lingd potato bug, the seventeen-year locust, etc. 

 Diptera. Including the two-winged flies. t 



As all the species belonging to any one order have similar mout 

 —that is all have biting-jaws or all have sucking tubes— we m. 

 arrange them into two Sections, thus— 



Section 1. Mandibulate or Gnawing Insects. Coleoptera, Ortr; 

 petra, Neuroptera and Hymenoptera. 



Section 2. Haustellate or Sucking Insects. Lepidoptera, H 

 miptera and Diptera. 



But the reader must remember this applies to the perfect insed' 

 and not to the larvae ; as caterpillars, which belong to the Lepidoptei 

 have biting jaws, while the perfect insect, which is a butterfly 

 moth, has the mouth drawn out into a long flexible tube. 



The other characters by which these Orders-are distinguished' fro 

 each other, may be briefly stated as follows : 



Order Coleoptera. The upper wings of a hard, horny texture ai 

 usually inflexible, meeting in a straight suture along the middle I 

 the back, partially or entirely covering the abdomen; under win 

 thin and membranous, folded both lengthwise and crosswise when 

 rest; transformations complete ; the pupa inactive. 



Order Orthoptera. Upper wings leathery or parchment like, oi 

 usually over-lapping the other more or less at the base; under wil 

 thin, and membranous, folded lengthwise only, like a fan ; transform 

 tions incomplete ; pupa active. 



_ Order Neuroptera. All four wings membranous and transparen 

 similar, and the hind pair often as large as the anterior pair, wit 

 many branching veins, and usually many cross veins; abdometf 

 the female not furnished with a sting or ovipositor; transformatioi 

 various. 



Order Hymenoptera. All four wings membranous, more or lc 

 transparent, with comparatively few veins, usually narrow, andjl 

 posterior pair always smaller than the anterior pair; abdomen of tl 

 female furnished at the tip with a sting or ovipositor ; transformatioi 

 complete ; pupa inactive. 





