71 



Termitidae — The white ants ; injurious. 



Psocidae — Wood-lice, death-watches, etc.; innoxious. 



Libellulidae — The dragon-flies or mosquito-hawks ; beneficial, prey- 

 ing upon gnats and mosquitoes, etc. 



Ephemeridae and Phryganidae, including the May-flies and what, in 

 some sections, are called fish-flies. Beneficial; the larvae, which live 

 in water, devour aquatic insects. 



Myrmelionidae — The perfect insects appear like slender dragon-flies; 

 the larvae are called ant-lions ; beneficial. 



Hemerobiidae — The late-winged flies. Very beneficial; great ene- 

 mies to plant-lice. 



Mantispidae — Mantis-like insects ; beneficial. 



Panorpidse — Scorpion flies ; beneficial. 



HYMENOPTERA. 



A large majority of the insects which belong to this order are either 

 beneficial or innoxious, yet there are some that are quite injurious to 

 plants. 



Tenihredinidse — The saw-flies; injurious. The larvae, which are 

 false caterpillars, are leaf-eaters. 



Uroceridse — Thorn-tails. Injurious ; the larva? being wood-borers. 



Cynipidse — Gall-flies; minute four-winged flies whose larvae reside 

 in galls produced through their agency on the leaves, twigs and stems 

 of plants ; hence, injurious. 



Ichneunwnidss — Ichneumon flies ; an immense family of usually 

 slender wasp-like insects which generally deposit their eggs in the- 

 body of other insects, thus destroying them ; very beneficial. 



Chalcididse— Chalcis flies. Minute four-winged flies with habits sim- 

 ilar to the ichneumon flies. Some of the species deposit their eggs in 

 the eggs of other insects, thus destroying them ; very beneficial. 



Prodotrupidse- -An extensive family of very minute four-winged 

 parasitic flies. Habits somewhat similar to those of the chalcis flies, 

 but more especially parasitic on the eggs of other insects ; beneficial. 



Formicidx — The ants. Somewhat injurious. 



Seoliidce, Pompilidse, Sphegidx, Bembicidse and Larridse, — Various kinds 

 of sand-wasps; predaceous and hence beneficial. 



Crabriouidse — Wood-wasps. Predaceous and beneficial. 



Vespidas — Wasps, hornets and yellow jackets. Mere or less beneficial, 

 at least they are seldom injurious to vegetation, and assist to a cer- 

 tain extent in destroying other insects. 



Apidae — The bees. 



LEPIDOPTERA. 



This order contains a larae number of species, most of which are 

 injurious to vegetation while in the larval state. The larvae arc cat- 

 erpillars. There is much difference in the arrangement of the fami- 

 lies proposed by different authors; I give that adopted by Dr. Pack- 

 ard, as his work can be readilv obtained bv those who desire to pur- 



