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of the mouth, in the form of an elongate, narrow and somewhat flat- 

 tened woody stem, which occasionally attains several inches in length. 

 This growth sometimes greatly astonishes persons unacquainted with 

 its history, who suppose it is a plant springing from seed taken into 

 the body. 



Remedies. — To destroy the beetles, it has been recommended that 

 they be shaken from the trees every evening into sheets, or something 

 that will secure them. Dr. Harris says the best time for shaking the 

 trees on which they are lodged is in the morning, as then they do not 

 attempt to fly. But this remedy is practicable only in a few cases 

 where but few trees are to be preserved, and are of sufficient value to 

 justify a careful watch and its thorough use. In order to destroy or 

 drive away the grubs from meadows and field crops, applications of salt 

 has been recommended, and in some cases has been at least apparently 

 beneficial. Alkalies are very obnoxious to the grubs, and speedily 

 destroys them when applied directly to them, but they reside so deeply 

 in the soil that it is impossible to reach them with any reasonable 

 surface application. If repeatedly made, and to the utmost extent, 

 the vegetation will bear until the roots and surrounding soil is per- 

 ceptibly impregnated; it is possible that it may be rendered so obnox- 

 ious to them as to cause them to leave. It is more than probable that, 

 in the majority of cases reported where such applications are sup- 

 posed to have been beneficial they have been made the season in 

 which the larvae completed their growth, and that this was the real 

 reason for their ceasing operations, and not the application. Such 

 applications to be beneficial should be made annually early in the 

 spring. 



Hogs and domestic fowls are fond of the grubs, and as far as we 

 will give them an opportunity will assist in destroying them, and in 

 corn fields which are infested it is well to turn in the former as soon 

 as the corn is gathered. 



Late fall plowing has been recommended and is doubtless bene- 

 ficial to a certain extent, but to reach them it must be deep, as they 

 retire to a considerable depth in order to pass the winter. 



The best and perhaps the most effectual remedy is to starve them 

 out. If the field is in meadow or grass, as soon as it is ascertained 

 that they are present in destructive numbers, plow it up thoroughly 

 and give it repeated stirrings and leave it fallow or sow it in buck- 

 wheat, plow late and as often as possible, and in the following spring 

 plant it in some crop not allied to the grass ; that is, not wheat, 

 corn or oats. After this it may be put in grass, or cereals may be cul- 

 tivated, with a fair prospect of being free from these pests for several 

 seasons. This method, although somewhat troublesome, is the onlv 

 one that gives sure hope of success, and it possesses the advantage of 

 being at the same time an efficient means of counteracting the wire- 

 worm, army-worm, and, to a certain extent, the chinch-bug and some 

 other injurious species. 



This species appears to be confined more especially to the central 

 and northern sections of the State; being represented in the southern 

 sections by other species, especially P. fraterna. 



Spec. Char. Imago.— Anterior tibiae with three spurs on the outside, 

 counting the one at the tip ; club of the antennae with three leaflets ; 



