56 HOW TO NAME THE BIRDS 



side ; tail, short ; below, breast rich cinnamon-red, throat 

 and abdomen paler ; flanks, blackish, white-barred. 



Locally in Pa. and N. J. in fresh-water marshes ; casually to Conn. ; 

 nest and eggs, as in clapper rail. 



122. CLAPPER RAIL: SALT-WATER MARSH HEN: 



MUD HEN. 



Brownish-gray, variegated Dull brown. 



14-16. Bill, long ; superciliary line and throat, whitish ; 

 almost no tail ; sides and under tail-coverts, white-barred. 



Abundant along southern coast of N. J., accidentally in Pa., strag- 

 gling to Mass. ; in salt marshes ; nest, of reeds and grasses, on wet 

 ground ; eggs, 6-12, whitish to buff, spotted. 



123. VIRGINIA RAIL. 



Olive-brown Cinnamon-red. 



8-10. A small fac-simile of king rail (121). 



Breeds throughout, in fresh or salt marshes ; nest and eggs, as in 

 king rail, but smaller. 



124. CAROLINA RAIL: COMMON RAIL. 



Dark olive-brown, white-specked Dark gray. 



8-9. Bill^ sho?-t ; fore part of face afid cetttral lijie of 



throat, black ; tail, short ; flanks, black-and-white barred. 



Breeds throughout, but in N. J. chiefly migrant ; especially abun- 

 dant in Aug. and Sept. ; nest, as in other rails ; eggs, 6-12, drab, spot- 

 ted ; abundant game bird. 



125. YELLOW RAIL. 



Brownish-yellow, black-streaked Paler. 



6. Lighter superciliary line ; thickly spotted above with 



white ; flanks, black-and-white barred. 



Nest, and habits, as in other rails ; eggs, 6, buff-brown, spotted ; in 

 Pa. and N. J. a rare migrant. 



