8 ANTHROPOID APES. 



it died on November 13, 1877, at the Berlin 

 Aquarium. Dr. Hermes obtained a third specimen 

 m September, 1881, which died soon after its arrival 

 in Berlin. In 1883 a fourth still survived in the 

 Berlin Aquarium. 



The chimpanzee became the more general object 

 of zoological and anatomical study at an earlier 

 period, since the species occupied a wider area than 

 the gorilla, and is more easily captured. I have 

 already mentioned Hanuo's observations on the 

 subject, and the animal described by von Tulpe. In 

 1740 Buffon had seen a young specimen of the 

 chimpanzee, and another was in existence in London 

 at the same time. In vol. 35, pi. 2, of his Natural 

 History, Buffon gives an illustration of the chim- 

 panzee, and pi. 3 represents an orang-utan, not very 

 true to nature, but still recognizable (Gl). It is 

 commonly supposed that the Dutch traveller Bosman, 

 cited by Buffon, was acquainted both with the gorilla 

 and the chimpanzee. He speaks of an ape about, 

 five feet high, living near Fort Wiraba " d'une 

 couleur fauve " (65). Although Buffon was ac- 

 quainted with the names chimpanzee and chimpezee, 

 as well as with Battel's surmises about the pongo 

 and the enjeco, yet he regarded the jockos, pongos, 

 and orangs as animals all belonging to one species. 

 The young African animals observed by him and 

 von Tulpe (chimpanses) must have been young 

 pongos (60). The name pongo was afterwards ap- 

 plied to the old misshapen orang-utan. The skin 

 and skeleton of the chimpanzee observed by Buffon 

 when still alive, was preserved in the Zoological 



