THE EXTERNAL FORM OF ANTHROPOID APES. 25 



a smaller nose, and a higher upper lip. This last 

 peculiarity is shown in the correct and well-stuffed 

 specimens in the museums at Paris and Liibeck. 

 Although in the process of dr\ iug, the slvin of the 

 nose may have shrunk a little, yet there is still room 

 for the upper lip, provided with folds which are either 

 vertical and parallel or diverge like a fan. Owen 

 and Miitzel * have given satisfactory illustrations of 

 these parts. In the aged female the shape of the 

 neck is not, as in the aged male, strong and bulging, 

 so as to resemble a cowl. Yet it is enlarged in 

 conformity with the not inconsiderable development 

 of the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae, 

 and with that of the powerful cervical muscles. 

 Even in a young male, of the age of the specimen 

 which was kept in the Berlin Aquarium, between 

 July, 1876, and November, 1877, this enlargement 

 of the neck was present in a marked degree. In 

 still younger individuals, however, under a year old, 

 in which the spinous processes of the vertebrae have 

 not yet been develo[;ed, there is no such enlarge- 

 ment, but, on the contrary, this region of the neck 

 takes a concave form. 



In conformity with the smaller size of the body, 

 the shoulders, arms, and thighs of the adult female 

 are smaller than those of the full-grown male, but 

 they are still very powerful. While giving suck, 

 the breasts of the female are swelled in the form of 

 a half-cone, instead of assuming the convex shape 

 which is observed in many European women, and 

 still more frequently in those of the negro, Indian, 



* Owen, Memoir, etc., plate ii. ; Brehm, Thierlehen, i. 56. 



