84 ANTHROPOID APES. 



compressed toes are strongly arched on the under 

 surface. Considerable convexities may also be ob- 

 served under the metacarpo-phalangeal joint of the 

 great toe and under its last phalanx. The shape of 

 the toe-nails resembles that of the fingers. Large 

 callosities are not unfrequently found on the backs 

 of the toes, since the animal sometimes supports 

 himself on these parts. A connective web is found 

 between all the toes except the great toe and its 

 neighbour, but it does not extend so far as that 

 between the roots of the fingers. 



Although the young male chimpanzee is dis- 

 tinguished from the aged male of the same species 

 by difi'erences in the structure of many of its parts, 

 yet these distinctions are not so characteristic as 

 those between the young and aged male gorillas. 

 The skull of the younger animal, which is altogether 

 devoid of the prominent bony crest and ridges, is 

 shaped almost like a truncated cone in the region 

 of the crown ; in some individuals of only a few 

 years old, the bony development of the orbits has 

 already begun, starting from the principal part of 

 the frontal bone, and covered with pads of wrinkle<l 

 skin. The short and depressed bridge of tlie nose 

 becomes longer and higlier, the cartilaginous end 

 of the nose becomes larger, and the prognathism 

 of the face increases with each successive stage of 

 growth. The strength of the trunk and limbs is 

 early developed. The sexual characteristics are 

 gradually and plainly developed; but the male 

 gorilla far exceeds the chimpanzee in demoniacal 

 ferocity. 



