THE EXTERNAL FORM OF ANTHROPOID APES. 35 



The adult female is smaller, and has a smaller 

 head, with an oval crown to the skull. The orbits 

 are not so strongly developed as in the aged male, 

 the nasal parts are less prominent, and the teeth are 

 not nearly so strong. The body of an animal of 

 this sex is rounder in all its parts ; and the belly, 

 with its wider pelvis, is more tun-shaped than in 

 the aged male. Neither do the limbs display the 

 same angular formation of muscles.* The hands 

 and feet of the female are also smaller and slenderer. 

 In a young female the characteristics here described 

 are presented in the mitigated form which corre- 

 sponds with its youthful condition. But the female 

 sometimes becomes a very strong and even violent 

 creature. This was often proved in the Hamburg 

 Zoological Garden, where a female specimen, in 

 splendid condition, survived for several years under 

 the faithful care of old Siegel.f 



The skin of the cliimpanzee is of a peculiar light, 

 yet muddy flesh colour, which sometimes verges upon 

 brown. Spots, varying in size and depth of colour, 

 sometimes isolated, sometimes in groups, and of a 

 blackish brown, sooty, or bluish black tint, are found 

 on different parts of the body of many individuals, 

 especially on the face, neck, breast, belly, arms and 

 hands, thighs and shanks ; more rarely on the back. 



* Comp. Hartmami, Der Gorilla, fig. 8. This is undoubtedly 

 one of the most saccessfal illustrations of the chimpanzee, its 

 habits, expression, and disposition. 



+ Comp. Hartmann, Der Qorilla, fig. 27, representing the Ham- 

 burg animal in middle age. Fig. 6 gives the wild Paulina of 

 the German Loango expedition. The inscription, by an error of 

 the press, states that it is a male, not a female chimpanzee. 



