ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF ANTHROPOID APES. 99 



dog may serve for this end when he is coiled up asleep, 

 Mr. Wallace remarks that the convergence of the 

 hair towards the elbow on the arms of the orang 

 (whose habits he has so carefully studied) serves to 

 throw off tlie rain, when, as is the custom of this 

 animal, the arms are bent, with the hands clasped 

 round a branch or over its own head. We sliould, how- 

 ever, bear in mind that the attitude of an animal 

 may perhaps be in part determined by the direction 

 of the hair ; and not the diretition of the hair by the 

 attitude. If the above explanation is correct in the 

 case of the orang, the hair on our forearms offers 

 a curious record of our former state ; for no one sup- 

 poses that it is now of any use in throwing off the 

 rain, nor in our present erect condition is it properly 

 directed for this purpose." * 



Darwin also remarks that it is erroneous to deny 

 that apes have eyebrows. In fact, long bristly eye- 

 brows are present in all anthropoids — not growing 

 thickly together like those of men, but scattered 

 among the shorter and thicker growth of hair which 

 clothes the parts above the orbits ; nor do they* 

 maintain any definite direction. In the white-handed 

 gibbon,theseeyebrows are remarkable for their length 

 and stiffness. A growth of hair corresponding to 

 eyebrows may, indeed, be observed above the upper 

 eyelids of all mammals, including seals and pachy- 

 dermata. On the upper lip of gorillas, chimpanzees, 

 and orangs we may also observe a number of some- 

 what longer, stiff, and bristly hairs which stand apart 

 from the otherwise «hort hairs on the lips, and give 



* Darwin's Descent of Man, vol, i. p. 192. 



