122 ANTHROPOID APES. 



was found by Baker and Duraud in the Miocene of 

 the Sewalik mountains. 



In the comparative study of the human organiza- 

 tion, and that of anthropoid apes, it is important to 

 examine sections, and especially longitudinal sections, 

 of characteristic skulls.* Virchow has caused draw- 

 ings to be made, from specimens in the Berlin 

 Museum, of a gorilla, a chimpanzee, an orang-utan, 

 and an Australian woman. The gorilla's skull, 

 when compared with the Australian's, is so narrow 

 that it looks as if compression had been applied to 

 it; and yet the Australian skull is extremely small 

 in comparison with that of men in general, since its 

 cubic space is only 1150 ccm. In the gorilla t — at 

 least in the old male, from which the drawing is 

 taken — the immense size of the frontal sinuses, and 

 the swellings which cover them, together with the 

 strongly developed jaw, increase the impression of 

 size. But, as Virchow observes, " all which adds to 

 the size of the skull is bestial, and not human." It 

 is much the same in the orang-utan. Only in the 

 chimpanzee the cubic space of the skull may be 

 somewhat more favourably compared with that of 

 the human skull. It approaches in size to that of a 

 microcephalic native of the Ehein-Pfalz (of which 

 an illustration is also given), which ranks a good deal 

 below the Australian skull, and approximates more 

 closely to the simian type. The internal space 

 of the skulls of an adult female gorilla or orang 



* Hartmann, Ber Gorilla, pp. 68, 109. 



f Corref<po7idenzhlatt der Deutscher Antliropologischen GeselU 

 nchaft, p. 148, with illustration : 1878. 



