146 ANTHROPOID APES. 



fact that a true hand ought to possess the power of 

 rotation in a degree which exists in the fore, but 

 not in the hind, extremities of apes. On this account 

 I have already adopted, as more suitable and equally 

 distinctive, the term of prehensile foot for this 

 member.* I agree with Haeckel in rejecting the 

 common designation of apes as four-handed or 

 quadrumanous. 



The bands or ligaments which connect the dif- 

 ferent parts of the anthropoid skeleton together, 

 and convert the detached elements into a movable 

 machinery, do not on the whole differ much from the 

 same structure in man. A detailed account of these 

 ligaments would, for several reasons, be out of place 

 in this work, and I shall only mention a few special 

 and more interesting distinctions. Such, for ex- 

 ample, is the uncommon strength of the ligamentum 

 nuchee in the gorilla, which is quite in harmony with 

 the great development of the spinous processes of 

 the upper cervical vertebrae, and with the flattening 

 of the squamous occipital portion. Since the sacral 

 vertebrae are deeply inserted between the high ilia, 

 the ilio-lumbar ligaments (lir/amenta iliolumhalia) 

 and the sacro-iliac ligaments {ligamenta iliosacralia) 

 are of considerable size. In agreement with the 

 projection in a downward direction of the high, 

 narrow ischial bones, the sacro-sciatic ligaments 

 which extend between these and the sacrum are 

 very long in the chimpanzee. Although in this case 

 the ischial spine is only represented by a roughness 

 of the bone, yet there is on either side between this 



* Hai'tmann iti Archiv. fiir Anatomie, etc., p. fio3 : 1876. 



