ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF ANTHROPOID APES. 151 



like those of men, except in a few unimportant parti- 

 culars (comp. Figs. 48 and 5U). I have not observed 

 in anthropoids the muscular fibres which in man 

 branch out from the orbicular muscle of the eye, 

 and overlap the cheeks and temples, and which are 

 considerably developed in the head of a Monjalo 

 negro which was dissected by me (Fig. 49, 3, 3'' In 



■17 16 



Fig. 48. — Muscles of the head and face of a European. 1, 1', Occipito-froiitnlis, 

 2, 3, Orbuularis palpebrarum. 4, Pyramidalis nasi. 5, Levator labii suporioris 

 alfeque nasi. 6, Compressor naris. 7, Levator labii snperioris. 7', Zygomatics 

 minor. 8, Levator anguli oris. 8', Zygomaticus major. 9, Orbicularis oris. 

 9', Levator mentl. 9", Depressor labii Inferioris. 10, Depressor anguli oris. 

 11, Masseter. 12, 13, Risorius and the buccinator by which it is covered. 

 15, Trapezius. 16, Attrahens. 17, 19, Attollens. 20, Retrahens aurem. 21, 

 Sterno-mastoid. 22, Splenius. A. Tendinous aponeurosis. C. Malar bone (the 

 parotis is removed). F. Skin of neck. 



apes that portion of the orbicular muscle which 

 covers the supra-orbital ridge is very marked. 

 There is generally a considerable layer of muscle 

 on the nose and upper lip. I have dissected it in 

 detail in anthropoid and other apes, including those 



