ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF ANTHROPOID APES. 163 



fat (Fig. 50, 15). The fascia corresponds to the 

 great development of the trapezius, and the same 

 characteristic development exists in other anthro- 

 poids. The adult male gorilla displays a powerful 

 ligamentum nuclioe in connection with the long spinous 

 processes of the cervical vertebrae, as well as powerful 

 inter-spinales muscles, spinales colli, and semi- 

 spinales colli and dorsi. The great development 

 of the spinous processes of the dorsal vertebrae of 

 gorillas (Fig. 17), and also chimpanzees and orangs, 

 involve the development of powerful semi-spinales, 

 as well as of strong, fourfold spinales and inter- 

 spinales muscles. The whole of the fleshy forma- 

 tion of the neck of an adult male gorilla which 

 is covered by the trapezius is very voluminous, and 

 especially the splenius capitis and colli, the long 

 cervical muscle {Museuliis longissimus cervicis), and 

 the long head-muscle (Musculus longissimus capitis), 

 which have also been regarded by me as parts of 

 the long spinal extensor, and finally the oblique and 

 vertical muscles at the back of the head. With 

 Ohappuy, I am disposed to regard the latter as 

 modifications of the spinales and inter-spinales. 



The levator anguli scapulae is divided in anthro- 

 poids as in man. The subclavius is slender, except 

 in the gorilla, and in the latter animal it sends a 

 tendon obliquely to the coracoid process. 



In all anthropoids the deltoid is strongly de- 

 veloped. In the gorilla it pnjjects forwards and 

 outwards in order to attach itself to the humerus, 

 almost in its centre. Here it is separated from the 

 brachialis anticus in a manner with which we are 



