ANATOMICAL STRUCTUHE OF ANTHROPOID APES. 173 



anatomists mention an adductor between the third 

 metacarpal bone and the first joint of the thumb, 

 and another between, the second metacarpal bone 

 and the second .joint of the thumb, passing on into 

 the extensor tendon. I am myself convinced of the 

 existence of a twofold adductor, but not of the 

 fact that the tendon of one of the muscles (termed 

 by Langer the second opponens) passes on into the 

 extensor tendon. In the little finger of the orang 

 there is an abductor, a short flexor, and an opponens. 

 In the gibbon there is a short abductor, a faintly 

 indicated opponens, a short bicipital flexor, and an 

 adductor of the thumb. In Bylobates alhimanus 

 this adductor divides into four or five portions, 

 which are attached to the whole of the first meta- 

 carpal bone. In the little finger there is an 

 abductor, a short flexor, and an opponens. In the 

 same animal the first inter-osseous muscle is attached 

 by one portion to the second metacarpal bone, by 

 the other to the base of the second phalanx of the 

 index finger (Fig. 53, 9, lo). 



Bischoff has described the muscles which Halford 

 terms Contrahentes digitorum (contractors of the 

 digits), which lie deep in the palm of the hands 

 and feet of the chimpanzee and gibbon, the mandril, 

 baboon, and other apes.* They rest upon the inter- 

 osseous muscles, and are covered by the tendons 



* Halford, Not like man, himanous and hiped, nor yet quad- 

 rumanous, but clieiropodus : Melbourne, 1863. Lines of demar- 

 cation between Man, the Gorilla, and the Macaca : Melbourne, 18f)3. 

 I only know these two treatises from Bischoff's quotation. 

 Anatomie, etc., des Hijlobates leuciscus, pp. 23, 24. 



