182 ANTHROPOID APES. 



only slightly developed, but always perceptible, is 

 present in all anthropoids. 



The tongue is small, and not provided at its base 

 with several great concave follicles as in man ; these 

 are at least only faintly represented, and not easy 

 to observe. Around them there rise pock-like, 

 tufted warts, very close together, which in an aged 

 gorilla are apt to become hard and horny. These 

 are also prominent between the follicles of the 

 tonsils. The circumvallate papillae of the tongue 

 are less numerous than in man, and often, especially 

 in the chimpanzee, they take the form of a cross, or 

 of the letter T, or in the gorilla of a V. 



The uvula and palate present no special variation 

 from the human type. On the hard palate there 

 are a number of folds, or rather swellings, which 

 extend laterally from the central suture of the 

 palate, towards the row of teeth in the upper jaw ; 

 these are sometimes simple, sometimes complex, 

 and vary in their details in individual cases. 

 They are particularly marked in the adult chim- 

 panzee, and are also very apparent in the gibbon, 

 and they are arranged with a somewhat ornamental 

 regularity. These inequalities are not altogether 

 insignificant in the human palate, but this subject 

 has not been much studied since Gegenbaur directed 

 the attention of scientific men to them, and special 

 light has been thrown upon it by Bischoff and 

 Ehlers, as far as anthropoids are concerned. 



The teeth afford us important material for com- 

 parison. In the case of anthropoids the formula for 

 the teeth of the slender-nosed or Old-World apes 



