310 APPENDIX. 



that the uvula of the orang-utan is often absent (Bischoff, 

 Beitrdge zur Anatomic des Gorilla, p. 37 ; and Euckart, 

 Der Pharynx als Sjyrach-und Scliluck-apimrat, p. 24, 

 plate iii. fig. 10 : Munich, 1882. I have, however, 

 examined a specimen in which the uvula was quite 

 perceptible, as well as the palate and arched root of the 

 tongue. 



In addition to the lower jaw from Naulette, of which 

 I have spoken above, the fragment of a lower jaw 

 has lately been found in the Schipka cave, Moravia, 

 declared by Schaaflfhausen to be that of an ape-like child. 

 ^"irchow has carefully examined this fragment, and 

 considers that it belongs to an adult of the mammoth 

 age, who suffered from retention of the teeth, and that 

 there is nothing pithecoid about it. The same author 

 subjected the Kaulette jaw, which he has repeatedly 

 examined in Brussels, to a close analysis, and is some- 

 what disposed to admit the pithecoid character of this 

 specimen (Zeitschrift filr Ethnoloyie, p. 277 : 1882). 



R. Baume, on the other hand, considers that both the 

 Naulette jaw and that from the Schipka cave are 

 pithecoid forms. He finds in these two specimens the 

 actual proof of the existence of man-apes in the diluvial 

 period, since they differ widely, in the form of the lower 

 jaw, from any living specimens. This author is of 

 opinion that in the diluvial period there must have 

 been races of men far inferior to the lowest races now 

 in existence (Die Kieferfragmente von La Naulette und 

 aiis der Scliiplcaliolile, Leipzig, 1883). 



See Hartniann, Sitzungsbericht der GrsellscJiaft natur- 

 forschender Freunde zu Berlin, November 19, 1878, for 

 remarks on the tendon, the blood-vessels of the shoulder 

 and thigh in anthropoids, in addition to those given in 

 the text. 



