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These major injuries have naturally received here the greatest share — 
of attention, but a discussion of the minor and insignificant injuries 
which at first blush seem to have little or no agricultury il importance, 
will nevertheless be of practical utility as indicating the probabilities 
with reference to the amount of injury to be anticipated when these 
minor attacks are noticed. 
For convenience of treatment, the general subject of insect injuries 
to corn will be divided, in discussion, into those to the seed, the root, 
the stalk, the leaf, the blossom, the ear, and the stored grain, whole and 
ground. 
The most serious ordinary injuries to corn, those which the plant 
is least able to sustain, are injuries to the seed and root, particularly 
those occurring early in the year: but they are, fortunately, those against 
which precautionary or preventive measures may be most readily taken, 
and with the best effect. 
GENERAL INDICATIONS OF INJURY. 
Before beginning a description of injuries to each part of the plant, 
a few practical hints may be given which will aid to a recognition of 
insect attack fron’ the general aspect of the field or from the appearance 
of the entire plant. 
1. If corn largely fails to appear in due time after planting, the 
farmer need not content himself with a surmise that his seed was poor 
or that the weather has been unfavorable, but should examine the seed 
itself for evidence of the work of one of several insects (wtreworms, 
seed-corn maggots, grass maggots, etc.) attacking it in the earth. 
2. If the young plants make an unequal start, some hills appearing 
earlier and growing more thriftily than others at the very first, the 
roots should be searched for the corn root louse; and even those hills 
should be examined in which the corn has not yet come up, as this louse 
sometimes infests the sprouting plant before it appears above ground. 
3. The abundant occurrence of ants in the corn field, sinking 
their burrows among the stalks of the hill, is evidence of the presence 
of the corn root louse in their company. 
4. If the growth of the corn is arrested or retarded in patehes 
throughout the field, the leaves turning first yellow and then red, it is 
likely that the roots are infested by the same root Touse, to be discovered 
by carefully digging up the hill and picking or gently shaking off the 
earth to expose the roots at their origin. Tf no insect enemy is found, 
the difficulty is quite likely to be due to a fungus attack known as the 
root blight of corn, a discussion of which does not come within the 
scope of this article. [See page 46, b.] 
5. If single stalks‘or entire hills are killed or withered when a 
foot high or less, search should be made among the roots and on the 
stalk below the surface for the wireworms and the white grubs. 
6. If the corn falls readily in a windy storm and does not after- 
ward rise, and if it may be pulled out easily after the ear has begun 
to form, it is probable that the roots are infested by the corn root worms 
or that they have been eaten by white grubs. 
Y. If the plant remains green too long, maturing slowly, and if 
the field contains many sterile stalks or soft, imperfect nubbins, it is 
likely that the common corn root worm, in some of its stages, will be. 
