In his First Report on the Insects of New York (1882, p. 199), 
Professor J. A. Lintner gives a brief bibliography of the species and an 
economic treatment, following Riley; and Mr. F. M. Webster treats the 
species briefly in the Report of the Indiana Agricultural Society for 
1885 (p. 181). 
Life History.—The life history of this insect is as yet incomplete, 
no continuous experimental work haying been done upon the subject 
throughout the year. Miscellanous observations and breeding-cage work 
at my office give us, however, evidence fairly complete that only a sin- 
gle brood occurs in normal conditions, the larve of which have been 
observed from May 17 to June 13, and pup from June 7 to 15, imagos 
emerging from June 11 to August 7. 
Description. Larva. (Plate IL, Fig. 6.)—The mature larva is 
about 6 mm. long and 1 mm. thick at the widest part, which is near 
the truncate posterior extremity, the body nearly cylindrical from this to 
near the middle, thence tapering with increasing rapidity to the pointed 
anterior end. It is dirty whitish or yellowish white in color, the last 
segment darker. ‘Twelve segments are distinctly seen, the surface of 
all except the first and last smooth and shining, concave, rising at either 
end into the sutural line, which is elevated into a ridge, especially thick- 
ened and prominent beneath, and provided throughout with numerous 
short transverse rows of minute scabrous points. 
The head is comparatively short and small, white and of a mem- 
branous appearance, alutaceous and transversely striated. The vertex 
is gibbous, but the front is deeply bifid. Each lobe bears at its apex a 
small sensory area in a dark ring, probably a rudimentary palpus; a 
short distance back of this is the antenna, which is two-jointed, the first 
joint tawny, about as long as thick, the second glassy and smaller. Be- 
neath, each lobe ensheathes the basal part of a long and slender black 
claw-like mouth-hook, curved strongly downwards and a little outwards. 
The black color of their adjacent bases shows through the skin of the 
posterior ventral surface of the head. The mouth opening is between 
the bases of these mouth-hooks. Between the lobes below, and extending 
forward into the mouth opening is an oblong body, with a small lobe 
lying parallel to it on each side, suggesting an imperfect labium with 
its palpi. 
The anterior stigmata are situated at the base of the second seg- 
ment on each side. The peduncle seems to be often.drawn into the fold 
of the suture. It is short, and expands into a fan-shaped transverse di- 
lation, bearing on its outer margin six small globose lobes in a semi- 
circular row. In alcoholic specimens this segment is uniformly more 
than twice as long on the dorsal median line as on the ventral, causing 
the head to be directed downwards and forwards. 
The last segment is somewhat obliquely and sharply truncate, short- 
er above than beneath, less smooth than the preceding segments. Be- 
low is a large wrinkled dark tawny prominence, surrounding the trans- 
versely arcuate anal opening. The truncation is surrounded by twelve 
small pointed fleshy tubercles, disposed as follows: four equidistant 
larger ones on the lower margin, the middle pair the largest and trian- 
