Cyclocephala (Plate XII, Fig. 8; Plate XIII., Fig. 1 and 2).— 
The white grubs of the genus Cyclocephala differ from those of the 
various species of Lachnosterna in so far, at least, as to hibernate in 
the larval stage only, to pupate in May and June, and to emerge as beetles 
in June and July—later on an average than the species of the other 
genus. Pupation is consequently earlier than in Lachnosterna, and the 
emergence of the imago occurs later in the season, the essential difference 
eine: that adults of Cyelocephala escape front the earth one or two 
fe) 
months after the completion of their larval life, while those of Lach- 
nosterna continue in the earthen cells as pup and imagos about ten 
months. ‘lhe difference in the economic application of these biographies 
is not, however, very great, since the period of active larval life of Cy- 
clocephala seems to terminate on an average only three or four weeks 
before that of Lachnosterna. My detailed notes on the transformation 
of white grubs belonging to this genus are but few in number, but as 
they accord with those alre: dy given by entomologists, they serve to 
support the common statements concerning the life history of these 
beetles. 
Our only species in Illinois is C. immaculata, and its larvee occur 
in grass with the other white grubs, and have been found infesting corn 
on sod. Grubs of this species collected in grass lands at Urbana, IIL, 
April, 1887, had all emerged as adults July 19. Others collected from 
corn fields April 25, 1888, had pupated, at least in part, June 20, and 
afterwards gave the imago—at what date is not now known. In April, 
1890, grubs were collected from the 6th to the 29th from roots of corn 
from sod plowed in fall, and from a field of young oats. All but one 
of these had pupated by June 4 (some of them quite recently), and 
this one presently died. The first beetle appeared June 16, and all 
had emerged as adults (five males and eight females) June 19. 
A dozen of the beetles bred from this collection were placed in a 
breeding cage and furnished regularly with fresh sods. By July 2 
they had laid numerous eggs among the grass roots, and five days later 
one of these had hatched. July 26 several young larve were living and 
doing well, but by August 10, through some misadventure or misman- 
agement, all had died. Again, tw enty-one larvee of Gyeloceph ala turned 
out. by the plow in an old corn field near Urbana May 2, 1891, were 
placed in a breeding cage. No notes were made on this collection until 
July 10, at which date imagos had emerged, and numerous eggs of this 
species were found in the earth, deposited singly like those of Lach- 
nosterna. 
In electric light eollections made April 11 and 12 (thirteen days in 
May, fifteen days in June, and thirteen days in July, 1887, this species 
first appeared June 10, became abundant by the 17th and 18th, con- 
tinued so until the 1st of July, and disappeared July 14—both begin- 
ning and continuing decidedly later than any of the six species of 
Lachnosterna collected at the same time. 
NATURAL ENEMIES. 
In the struggle for existence the white grubs and the June beetles 
enjoy many pronounced advantages, and are subject to relatively few 
and feeble checks on their multiplication. The large size and the sub- 
