570 NEW JEKSEV STATE AGRICULTURAL 



it would l)c necessary to spray at intervals of two or three (lavs 

 for nearly three weeks; — a task that very few communities would 

 care to undertake. 



There is. of course, the resort to winter applications; that is. 

 sj)rayins- during- the period when the trees are dormant, with some 

 material that will kill the female scales that are set on the twigs. 

 The practical difticulty comes in here, that these scales are set far 

 out at the very tips of the twigs, and at the very worst points to he 

 reached hy insecticides. To he effective the material would have 

 to he either very caustic or \ery penetrating. Extremely caustic 

 applications are harred out from their effects upon the persons 

 that could he employed to apply them. Penetrating applications 

 would he in the nature of i)etr(^leum (^r kerosene and these offer 

 the hest opportunity f(^r successful work in cities and towns. 



^^'here only a small numher of trees is to he protected, a sum- 

 mer application of soap and kerosene has proved \ery useful 

 when the application was made after the white tufting had hecome 

 fully (leNeloped and before the young had begun to hatch. The 

 oil penetrates the cottony masses and carries the soap with it. As 

 the oil evaporates it leaves the soap residue to mat together the 

 mass in which the eggs are laid so that the young will l)e unable 

 to work their way out through it. The mixture to be used is the 

 ordinarv kerosene emulsion diluted with soaj) suds instead of 

 clean water, the soap suds to be at the rate of one pound of any 

 kind of hard soap in four gallons of water. The kerosene emul- 

 sion may be diluted with ten times its own bulk of soap suds pre- 

 pared as just described. 



Practically I do not think that it is necessary to make use of 

 insecticides against this species. That it causes some injury when 

 it is as abundant as it was during the season of 1904 there is no 

 question; but the injury is really slight and such as the tree will 

 readily outgrow in that period when tlie scale is not so plentiful. 



THE CODLING MOTH. 



This insect exacts a tax on every apple orchard in the State, no 

 matter how well treated, and on several varieties of pear. Al- 

 though in a general way the good orchardists keep the insect 

 down by spraying, yet under the most favorable conditions for the 

 trees some insects escape and provide for a continuation of the 

 species. Thei"e is. in addition, the constant supj^ly from the un- 

 cared-for trees which, often of large size, set heavily and by 

 mid-summer ha\e strewn the ground beneath them with wormy 



