5C3 



NEW JERSEY AGEICULTURAL COLLEGE 



of Newark is really in a little extension of the upper austral zone, 

 while to the north,, west and southwest the transition zone, with only 

 well-marked brood, obtains. 



Fig. 19. 



The White-marked Tussock Moth : a, the female ovipositing on the empty cocoon ; 



b, young caterpillar suspended Ijy a silken thread ; c, pupa of female ; 



d, pupa of male ; e, male adult or moth. After Riley. 



In many places sticky flypaper and other bandings were resorted 

 to, to keep off the caterpillars or to prevent their increase, but in most 

 cases without effect. Sticky bands are good and effective ouly if the 

 trees are entirely free from egg masses, and if they are applied before 

 the caterpillars hatch from the egg masses in the near neighborhood. 

 Applied after the caterpillars are already feeding, it simply compels 

 them to pupate a1>ove the hand, and that is where the egg masses will 

 then be formed. The whole theory of banding rests upon the fact that 

 we have a clean tree to begin with, and the attempt is to keep outsiders 

 from getting to the foliage. 



Wliere there is an organization sufficient to keep one or two good 

 men going all winter, an enormous number of trees, not too badly 

 plast-ered with egg masses, can be thoroughly cleaned, and if, then, 

 early in the season these clean trees are banded well up on the trunk, it 

 will prevent caterpillars that may hatch from egg masses concealed on 

 nearby fences and other shelter from getting to the foliage. It would 

 seem to be almost unnecessary to call attention to the importance of 

 gathering the egg masses on the fences, railings and buildings near 

 trees that have been infested ; but I have seen trees carefully cleaned 

 and dozens of egg masses left on the railings and staircase of a closely 

 adjoining building. The young caterpillars are not bad travelers and 

 can live without food for a day or two after hatching. Where numer- 

 ous egg masses occur on large trees it will cost very heavily to clean 

 up, and several sprayings in summer are much cheaper; but where 



