604 NEW JERSEY AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE 



were made after the middle of September, but little or nothing was 

 seen of parasites or beetles, and the latter, in the laboratory, had 

 evidently gone into hiding in the clusters of dried leaves; but owing 

 to the unnatural conditions a number of them died. 



The last t^ags examined were collected October 25th, from two 

 localities in New Brunswick. In appearance twigs and insects re- 

 sembled very much those examined in February, and as then, the 

 number of insects upon the twigs varied considerably. Most of the 

 leaves were still on the twigs, and some showed a few live scales as 

 well as parasitized forms. Some of the latter appeared in good con- 

 dition, but upon opening them I found the parasites dried up. Leaves 

 on the ground also showed live scales in some instances, while the 

 parasitized scales on them appeared similar to those on the adhering 

 leaves. 



Life History of the Scale. 



The life history of this insect, briefly stated, is as follows: The 

 hibernating females are found along the twigs and branches, generally 

 on the under side. They are oval, slightly elongate, the upper surface 

 somewhat convex and slightly ridged or carinate along the center. 

 They measure about one-sixteenth of an inch in length, and in color 

 are dark brown, except for the slight, secreted waxy layer, which is 

 more or less broken over the upper surface. On the under side, be- 

 sides the legs and antenna3, a minute, groove-like structure extends 

 from near the base of each of the anterior and hind legs to the lateral 

 margin. From these four areas of waxy substance are produced, that, 

 with the beak, keeps the insect attached to the twig. There are also 

 many minute openings or spinnerets along the margin, and these are 

 espeically abundant in the anal region. 



When the sap starts to flow in the spring the insects begin to feed 

 and develop. By April 1st a distinct increase in size is noticed, due 

 largely to the developing eggs, and this continues until the latter part 

 of May or early June, when growth ceases and egg-laying begins. At 

 this time the insect is somewhat lighter in color, about one-quarter of 

 an inch in length and broadly oval, with the upper surface convex. 

 The spinnerets are more in evidence, and from those in the anal region 

 the cottony secretion comes in minute threads. 



Tills secretion, which is really waxy rather than cotton}-, begins 

 slightly before the egg-laying and continues until the insect has de- 



