THE HOWLERS. 1 89 



black hairs. Face black, naked ; nose broad and naked, and 

 with a bright scarlet line down its bridge, broadening out on 

 the latter and on the upper lip ; tip of nose white, from the 

 presence of a few white hairs. 



Long hairs on the head falling to all sides ; tail long and 

 clothed to the tip with long hairs hanging down from its under 

 side, slightly prehensile. Length of the body, 15 inches; of 

 the tail, 18 inches. 



Distribution. — Amazonia. 



Habits. — The White-Nosed Saki, which might much more 

 appropriately have been called the " Red-Nosed Saki," is very 

 rare ; its habits are quite unknown. The type specimen in the 

 Paris Museum remained unique in Europe from 1848 till 1881, 

 when a living specimen was brought to the Zoological Gardens 

 in London. 



THE HOWLERS. SUB-FAMILY MYCETIN^. 



This sub-family embraces only one genus, which is very 

 distinct from all the others. The Howlers are the largest of 

 the South American Apes, and are characterised by their 

 thick unwieldy body, their pyramidal head, and small facial 

 angle, owing to their long, somewhat Dog-faced muzzle. The 

 angle of the lower jaw is very large and massive, and their 

 chief characteristic is the conspicuous thickening of the 

 throat, owing to the great enlargement of the hyoid bones — 

 which are widely inflated and cavernous — to form the curious 

 vocal organ which the males of these animals possess, and 

 by which their voice can be so augmented as to be heard 

 at a distance of several miles.* The skull is truncated behind 



* See the figures in Flower and Lydekker, Mammals, p. 711. 



