WHITE-TAILED DEER 103 
Antlers of Virginian White-tailed Deer. 
The WHITE-TAILED DEER (Mazama [Dorcelaphus | americana). 
(Otherwise Cardacus virginianus or Odocotleus virginianus.) 
Exclusive of the wapiti, all the deer of America are distin- 
guished from those of the Old World, except elk, roebuck, and 
milu deer, by the absence of a brow-tine to the antlers, which are 
either regularly forked or spike-like, and quite different from those 
of either roebuck or milu deer. In the white-tailed deer they are 
large and complex, with a long sub-basal snag, and the front prong 
of the main fork developed at the expense of the hind one, and carry- 
ing a number of snags on its upper surface. Tail long. A gland-tuft 
on the hock, and a small cylindrical white one with a black centre 
near the lower end of the hind cannon-bone. Colour of upper-parts 
chestnut in summer and bluish grey in winter, with the under surface 
of the tail and the buttocks pure white. Typically from Eastern 
North America, where the height at the shoulder reaches to 3 feet 1 
inch, but represented by numerous races in other parts of the continent, 
which gradually decrease in size and complexity of antlers towards 
the south, where they extend to Peru, Bolivia, and Guiana. Weight 
of a specimen of the typical race shot by Mr. Selous, 12 st. 7 Ibs. 
Mazama is the oldest name for the American deer, and may be 
employed if all are included in one genus. If they are split up, 
