WESTERN TUR 
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Western Tur. Shot by Mr. P. B. Vander Byl. 
WESTERN TUR or IBEX (Capra caucasica). 
Of the two peculiar kinds of wild goats inhabiting the Caucasus, 
and locally known as tur, the present species is easily recognised by 
the approximation in the form of its horns (especially in immature 
individuals) to those of true ibex, and the uniform bright chestnut- 
brown colour of the hair of the adult male in the summer coat; the 
chin, beard, and lower part of the legs being alone black. Although 
the horns present a considerable resemblance to those of ibex, they are 
decidedly thicker, have a different curvature, and show distinct knobs, 
or knots only in their upper half. In young males the knots extend 
the whole length of the front of the horns, and the long winter coat is 
a pale drab colour. Height at shoulder about 37% inches. 
Distribution.—The western half of the main chain of the Caucasus. 
The typical race (C. caucasica typica) is found immediately west of 
the Central Caucasus, at the head-waters of the Mulka and Baksan 
rivers in the Elbruz district... It comes nearest to Pallas’s tur. 
The mountains west of Elbruz are the home of Severtzow’s race 
(C. c. severtzow?), which is the largest of all, and greyer than the 
