DOMESTICATED CATTLE 449 
DOMESTICATED CATTLE (Bos taurus and B. indicus). 
The ordinary domesticated cattle of Europe such as the Spanish 
fighting bull, the Kerry, Pembroke, Highland, and Jersey breeds, are the 
descendants of the primitive wild ox, or aurochs (a name frequently 
misapplied to the bison) of Europe and North Africa (Sos taurus 
primigenius), now completely extinct in the wild state, although it 
survived on the Continent till the Middle Ages. On the other hand, 
some of the large light-coloured cattle of Southern Europe, such as the 
draught oxen of Northern Spain, and the cattle of Italy, Greece, and 
Hungary, appear to be derived from the zebu, although some have been 
crossed with North European cattle. Their horns are unlike those of 
the aurochs. The zebu or humped cattle of India and the Galla 
cattle of Africa evidently represent a distinct species (Los indicus), 
probably descended from the bantin. To the same species belong the 
Ankoli cattle of Uganda and the ancient Egyptian long-horned breed, as 
well as the trek oxen of the Cape, in all of which the hump is obsolete. 
Widest 
Gree) GRe™ Viipestp hn Mets: (Local Owner, 
814 18} 1034 es Ngamiland . The late W. C. Oswell. 
—? U7 100 124 Do. . A. Ohlsson. 
57 17 72 Re South Africa W. A. Simpson Hinchliffe. 
57 19} 82 eh Bechuanaland Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart. 
563 174 764 coc South Africa. KR. A. Cooper. 
56 a 101 Set Ngamiland . British Museum. 
482 163 67 cae German Berlin Museum. 
E. Africa 
47 158 21h oa Gallaland . British Museum (Sir H. Salt). 
424 232 22k nce Central Africa British Museum (Capt. Clapper- 
ton, R.N., and Col. Denham). 
413 14 52% atic Madagascar . Bethnal Green Museum. 
413 144 Ax fe Ankoli . . British Museum. 
40} 12} 602 nae Vienna (Polish Do. 
Bull) 
393 15 514 Pe Uganda oC Graig: 
-382 128 534 Hungary . Dr. Albert von Stephani. 
384 103 54? Italy . . Bethnal Green Museum. 
37% 12 60 a Cape of Good British Museum. 
Hope 
314 1o} 232 oe Gallaland . A. E. Butter. 
31 18 325 Nigeria - P.M. Dwyer. 
304 123 35 we Spain . . British Museum. 
292 114 282 ag Gambia . British Museum (13th Earl of 
Derby). 
— Owner’s measurements. 
2G 
