<)4 



were killed as to the top, and S per cent, were killed oiitrig-ht. 

 The oil used was from Pennsylvania and known as "Scio" oil, 

 but the particulars as to its specific g-ravity were not obtained. 

 In all cases but one the pure oil had been used. In this excep- 

 tional instance a 2() per cent, mechanical mixture of crude oil and 

 water had been applied to S,700 trees with the effect to injure 

 practically all of them. The injury was slig-ht in all except about 

 one hundred trees, fifty of which were killed as to the top, and 

 fifty more were wholly dead The slig-hter injuries in this case 

 took the form of the killiniif of an occasional branch, as if the oil 

 had acted uneveul3^ 



One owner, who had been favorably impressed with the results 

 of the use of crude oil in 1<)01, applied it very thoroug-hly this 

 year, using- twelve barrels on 3,000 trees. lie sprayed in April, 

 from four directions, following the chanires of the wind, but some 

 trees were finished by spraying- against the wind because a favor- 

 able change did not occur. At the time of the inspection 7S of 

 these trees were dead, and 1,000 were killed to the trunk, making it 

 necessary to grow new heads. 



In another instance eight barrels of oil were used on 2,000 

 trees, the operation being intrusted to an ordinary hired man. 

 Nine hundred of these trees were dead or worthless when examined, 

 and 500 more were practically dead to the trunk, requiring the 

 tops to be renewed. This orchard was sprayed in March and 

 April, from two directions, with the wind. 



In still another, seven barrels were sprayed on 2,500 trees from 

 two directions, each time with the wind, each tree receiving a little 

 over a i>int of the oil in all. Only about 500 of these trees were 

 slightly injured, and the remainder were in good comlition except 

 that many living scales were left, the spray apparently not having- 

 reached all parts of the bark. 



" The general impression," says Mr. Green, " among those who 

 have used the oil is that the smallest part over what is needed to 

 dampen the surface of the wood is likely to cause serious injury or 

 the death of the tree. The inquirer is told to use the finest Caswell 

 nozzle and, holding this four feet from the branches to be sprayed, 

 to allow the mist to drift with the wind through the head of the 

 tree. When the wind changes the other side of the tree may be 

 treated in like manner, but any attempt, even on a quiet day, to 

 treat a tree completely at one time is almost certain to cause disas- 

 trous results. One is further cautioned to start work on the wind- 

 ward side of an orchard, so that a tree once treated will not get the 

 dritt trom a tree subsequently treated on the windward side. It is 



