104 



2. Naked insects' egg-s on the branches, twig-s, or buds. 



Forming a spindle-shaped girdle around the twig, about three 

 fourths of an inch long, composed of cylindrical eggs attached 

 by one end and imbedded in a brownish cement. (,Fig. 20.) 



The tent-caterpillar. 

 Minute, slender, oval, shining jet-black eggs, fastened singly 

 to the twigs and buds. Puuit-Iice i . [phiJes ). 



.>. Thin, scale-like objects, fastened to the bark; usually small, 

 and white, gray, or dark. Some kinds with a mass of minute eg-g^s 

 beneath; others with a small, living but motionless insect. Also 

 soft, lump-like, smooth, motionless bodies on the bark, more or less 

 hemispherical in form. (,Fig-. 5-12.) 



Scale /fK<ec/< or hark- lice i CoccidiP ). 



4. White, grub-like caterpillars, about an inch long or less, with 

 dark heads. Buried in the bark or sap-wood of the peach at or 

 below the surface of the ground, or sometimes, when young, in 

 masses of exuded gum. The peach-tree borer. 



5. Living- insects on the roots. 



Forming- whitish, mold-like patches on apple roots; the latter 

 much deformed by knots, galls, or tubercles of various size. 

 (Fig-. 1, ;>. 4. ■> The :c-oollv aphis. 



Small sluggish, wingless black insects, naked on the roots ot 

 peach or plum. ^Fig. 2.^ The black peach-aphis. 



6. Forming knots or galls on the surface of root, trunk, or branch. 



Kough, warty black knots and tumors on twigs and branches 

 of the plum, chiefly along- one side. (,Fig. 14. '^ 7 he black knot. 

 Thick, rough, warty outg-rowths from the crown of the tree or 

 shrub, or sometimes from the larger roots near the trunk. 

 i^Fig. 1; Fig. 4, i. :.^ 'The croze- ni;a II. 



Irregular gall-like thickenings of the roots or outg-rowths from 

 them; often very numerous. The roots themslves deformed 

 and contorted. v^^i&T- 1. "-■ ^-^ ^ I't^ z.oollv aphis. 



7. Trees of unhealthy look; often with gummy exudations and 

 clusters of toadstools about the base of the trunk. Some of the 

 roots dead, with sheets or bands of a white leathery growth, smell- 

 ing like mushrooms, between the bark and wood of the dead root. 



//:e root-rot. 



8. Discolored specks, spots, or blotches on the bark, especially 

 that of the younger growth. 



Irregular gray blotches with purple edges on the blackberry 

 and raspberry. .[nt/:racnose. 



Blackish or purplish spots on the young twigs. 



^'arious /ear-spots or the apple- scab. 



