124 



Its size at hibernation will depend in part upon the latitude, 

 larviv in the Southern states passiui^ the winter nearly full g-rown, 

 while to the north most are less than half that size. In favorable 

 seasons, that is when the fall is late and winter frosts are long 

 postponed, the size of the hibernating' larv;v is of course increased. 

 The winter is usually spent either in burrows just beneath the 

 bark and below the surface of the soil, or imbedded in g'um outside 

 the bark at or near the surface of the ground. The smaller borers, 

 according to Slingerland, will be found, as a rule, in the latter sit- 

 uation and the larger ones beneath the bark. In spring- they begin 

 to eat, mining the bark and sap-wood, and commonly confining 

 their injuries to the trunk and roots a little way underground. In 

 the Northern states their principal injury may be done in spring, 

 while the farther south we go the more g-enerally their destructive 

 work is finished in the fall. When miture the caterpillar makes a 

 cocoon, which is usually attached to the outside of the bark near 

 the ground, and within this undergoes the transformation common 

 to insects of its kind, coming out as a peculiar clear-winged moth 

 in June and July, or, in the extreme southern part of the state, 

 even as early as May. Eggs are laid quite promptly on the trunk 

 of the tree, usually within a foot or two of the ground — the greater 

 part of them within six or eight inches of it. They are stuck 

 to the bark, one in a place, by a gummy secretion deposited with 

 the egg. 



It is probably impracticable to protect nursery stock from 

 attack while this insect is abundant in the vicinity either upon 

 trees standing in the nursery or in orchards adjacent. It is par- 

 ticularly likely to infest overgrown nursery stock, and on this ac- 

 count, if for no other reason, such trees should be destroyed. When- 

 ever the owner of peach nursery stock controls peach orchards in 

 the neighborhood he should of course see to it that these trees are 

 annually inspected and treated as may be necessary to prevent the 

 multiplication of this insect to an extent likely to cause an invasion 

 of his nursery. If nursery trees become infested they should of 

 course be destroyed as dug, and the entire block should be com- 

 pletely cleared of peach-trees and planted to something not sub- 

 ject to attack by this borer. 



PeAK-BLUxHT, AvPLE-HLK.HT, TwiG-lU.IGHT. FlKK-BLlGHT. 



This is a true contagious disease, caused by bacteria [^Bcir/Z/its 

 (rfnvloYorrts^ which infest the cells of the plant, multiplying in the 

 sap and serving as germs to convey the disease to healthy trees. 



