135 



youngs caterpillars emerg-e from these imbedded eggs at a date cor- 

 responding- closely to the opening- of the buds on the apple or the 

 pear. Soon they beg-in to spin sheet-like webs across the forks of 

 the branches (Fig-. 2\), and as they g-row they g-radually make in 

 this way a tent or nest, an irreg-ularly conical, close-spun, whitish 

 web, to which the colony resorts at nig-ht, and which serves them 

 at all times for shelter and concealment. This tent does not in- 

 close the leaves to any considerable extent, but the caterpillars come 

 out from it to feed. They are very voracious, and rapidly strip the 

 leaves from a tree. In June they are about two inches long- (Fig-. 

 21, (f, />), with black head, the body rather dark, with a pale line 

 along- the middle of the back, and marks of blue, yellow, and ulack 

 along- the sides. The eg-g--masses, commonest on the apple, are 

 quite conspicuous on the bare tree, and maybe readily destroyed by 

 cutting-. The caterpillars are subject to arsenical poisons sprayed 

 upon the leaves, but should not, of course, be permitted to hatch. 



The Bag-wokm. 



( 'r/iY>'idop/crvx (•p/i('iiiCf\rfon)iis.) 



During- the winter, oval, soft, sack-like bodies (Fig-. 23, r), 

 an inch or more in leng-th, pointed at both ends and attached 



by one to a twig-, 

 may often be seen 

 in orchards and on 

 ornamental trees, 

 and occasionally 

 in nurseries also 

 which have been 

 infested earlier in 

 the year. These 

 are theeg-g-masses 

 of the bag--worm, 

 or basket-worm as 

 it is sometimes 

 called. Such as are 

 empty have for- 

 merly cont a i n e d 

 the male insect 

 (Fig. 22, ci), es- 

 caped from its chrysalis (Fig.22,/^) thepreviousyear. Theeggs hatch 

 in May and June, and the young caterpillars begin at once to feed. 

 They presently make for themselves a silken covering- (Fig. 22, g) 



c 



Fiff. 22. 



The Bag-worm: <?, +arva removed from case ; 

 /', clirysalis; c, adult female taken from case ; 

 (i, adult male : r, cr(,)Ss-section of liag and fe- 

 male within, latter full of eggs ; f, bag and 

 larva from e\ ergreen ; \ery young larv;v in 

 their cases. 



