4-ffuttiitus, has oni'O or twice boon known lo iwt the [)l:\ntod seed. Two 

 or three of the small (hnig-beetles and some of the leaf-chafers do similar 

 injuries to the kernel on the ear or in the ground. A number of the 

 latter gnnif^ oceasionally injure the young plant by devouring the leaves 

 or eating into the stalks, l.arva^ of two of the short-horned borei-s 

 {Pnont(i() have been reju^rted as rarely injurious to the roots of corn, 

 and a considerable t\umber of the plant-beetles, tlea-beetles, and the 

 like {Chrysomelidcv), are variously destructive to practically all jiarts of 

 tiie plant. 



The wireworins, white-grubs, and bill-bug's are all primarily grass 

 insects (the hrst and third much more strictly so, lu>we\er. than the 

 secomD, and their attacks, consequently, may be forestalled wholly or 

 in great ]>art by a proper n\auagement of the land with respect to rotation, 

 and especially by using care in changii\g the crop from grass to corn. 

 The corn nH>t-WH>rm, on the other hand, is a corn insect only, and it^ 

 mischief may bo promptly and con\pletely arrested in any case arising, 

 by planting corn on laud no[ in that crop the preceding year. 



Ilemiptcm: True Bugs. — Although not less than forty-five recog- 

 nized species of bug's have been found sucking the sap from some part 

 of the corn plant in the field, to say nothing of several othei's which have 

 not been exactly identified, only one of this long list is a corn pest of the 

 fii"st class, but this (the chinch-bug) is, on the whole, by far the most 

 destructive insect enemy of this plant in America. 



The false chinch-bug {Nymis amjusfatus) has occasionally injured 

 corn sevei-el}' in i>ur territory, making its way into the field from infestoii 

 wheat adjoining, and the tarnished plant-bug {Lyg^is praten&is) has 

 rarely been found responsible for noticeable injury. The corn root- 

 aphis {Aphis maidiradicis) is capable of killing young corn by sucking 

 the sap from its roots, but more frequently it merely retards the growth 

 of the plant in spring, or perhaps permanently dwarfs it by this earl>- 

 drain on its vitality. The corn leaf-aphis (Aphis maidis) may kill 

 some of the older leaves later in the season, but although it often con- 

 tinues to increase in numbei-s until frest checks its nuiltiplication, it can 

 rarely be said to diminish sensibly the amount or to impair the quality 

 of the crop. Otherwise, the various sucking insects which are found on 

 the corn plant obtain from the leaf, the st^ilk, the tassel, the silk, the 

 husk, or sometimes from the soft young kernels exposetl at the tip of the 

 ear, an amount of liquid food too small to affect the growth of so vigorous 

 a plant. 



Special preventive measures are necessary or prefitable, as a rule, 

 only against the chinch-bug, and will bo discussed in connection with that 

 insect, although injuries by minor species may be reduced by clean 

 cultiu'e, bv the destruction of winter harborage for insects, and by a few 



