44 



practicable preliiuiiiary to planting the ground to corn; the middle of 

 September is as late as safety permits. If, however, this is not done 

 until spring, it may best be postponed, so far as web-worm injury is con- 

 cerned, in most cases until the latter part of May. If an infested meadow 

 or pasture is plowed earlier than this, when the larvae are still young, 

 they will probably live to attack the corn when it appears; and if plowing 

 is postponed later, until the first brood of moths have emerged, they are 

 likely to lay their eggs in the grass before plowing, and thus to give origin 

 to a brood of caterpillars which, being quite young when the corn comes 

 up, will make a long-continued attack upon it, against which replanting 

 will be of no avail. 



The Burrowing Web-worms. 



Anaphora popeanella Clem. 



Pesudanaphora arconella Clem. 



Hypoclopus mortipennellus Grote. 



These species, treated among 

 the less important insects of the 

 corn plant, are mentioned here 

 merely to distinguish the larva 

 of this group (Fig. 24) from the 

 other web-worms, which it re- 

 sembles somewhat in habit and 

 injury to corn. It inhabits, how- 

 ever, a vertical cylindrical bur- 

 row penetrating the earth to a 

 depth varying from six inches to 

 two feet or even more. It is 

 about the size of a common cut- 

 worm, but differs by its dull vel- 

 vety surface and its colors, vary- 

 ing from silvery gray to brown, 

 by the rows of polished spots on 

 the body, antl by its greater ac- 

 Fir,. 24. A Hurrowmg weh-worm (Pseiida- tivitv and more looselv joiuted 



naphora or ll n imcLopas) , back and side views. • ■ " 



Much enlarged'. StrUCture 



The Stalk-borer. 



Papaipnna nitda (iuen. 



{lh/(lroccia fiitcla, Gorti/na nitcla.) 



This well-known caterpillar, often called the " heart worm " because 

 of the character of its injury to corn, may be at once known wherever it 

 is seen by the peculiar break in the striping of the body at the mid- 



