I Hi 



|)()S('(|. Tlic fnAorilc food pliiiils of tlic spocios seem U) be Now Jorsoy 

 l(';i {( '<(ini>llnis iiim ricdiiiis) , S|i;iiiisli needles, ami a small doorynrd 

 wcecl, \'(rtniic(t /x ra/niKi. It is inolialtle llial llie iiisecl breeds [iriii- 

 eipally on iJiese plants. Wheal , Mui'-^r'ass, sl-rawherry, and celery 

 Iwive been injufecl by iJieni, and lliey ol'leii occnr on cultivated bei'i'ies, 

 lo which Ihey i;i\(' a disa|;reeable last-e. The species is sini^le-brooded, 

 and is widely ilisi I'ibiil'efl east of the Rocky iMoiintiiins. The adults 

 hibernate and appeal' in early spi'iiif;', layinj;' ef;f;s in May and June. 

 The yonni;- which hatch from these e^j;s i-arely fail to reach niat.urity 

 b\ tile eai'l)' part of .bily, afl<i' which I he adiill insect, is conunon nnt il fall. 



'nih; wisSTisHN ciiishiN STINK iuk;. 



I'l nliiloiiKi iihlcri St;d. 



This is a bi'oad, o\al, llatlened, i;i-een bui;' (T'i.i;;. 101), about half an 

 inch loni;' and (i\'e sixteenths of an inch wide, it occurs from South 

 Dakota, to Tc^xas ;ind westward to (California, and is mor(> abundant in 



th(> eastern part, of its ran,i;-e. it occiisioually 

 IxM^omes (exceed in,a;l>' d(>st.ructive, uitackin<>; 

 almost, ev(>rv kind of cultivat.ed crop. Its 

 most serious i-ecoi'ded outbreak was that of 

 bS<)7 in South Dakota., when over a thou- 

 sand acres of corn in one locality wen* badly 

 dama,i;-eil or desti-oyed, while many other 

 fields sul'ftM-ed se\'erely but recovored under 

 the in(liienci>sof fa\'oral)l(> weath(>r su(Iici(>ntly 

 to make a li,i!;ht. crop. Twenty-liv(> or mor(> 

 of the bui;'s sometimes ,t!;ather(Hl around a 

 sin,i;i(* stalk of field corn, as lu^ii" the ground 

 as possibli\ and in a few hours this would 

 wilt and break off where tlu\v had pei'foratod 

 it with their beaks. Stalks an inch and a 

 half in diatmMer wcM'e thus kill(>d. It is in 

 th(Mr immature staj^i^s that llu* i;reat(>st daiuai;-e is don(> to corn. The 

 adults an> lirst lii^ht. ,<;reen, darkcMiiui;- to a deej) rc^l by tlu* clos(> of the 

 season. 'I'heri* is always, how("\(M\ a narrow paler margin. Tlu> imuia- 

 t.uro stafi'os r(>S(Mnbl(> the adults, but the back is mark(>d with thn>(> dark 

 cross-bat's. .'Vmoiii; t;arden \ei;-elables thesi> bugs have shown a i)refor- 

 enc(> for sw(>et corn, turnips, radislu-s, p(>as, beans, and potato blossoms. 

 \\'lu>at is sometimes <;ri>ally injured, and oats luv also attacked. The 

 adults hibtM'iiatcMariousIy undiM- the bark of trees, in cnn'ices. in piles of 

 mamire, and burit'd in the soft (>arth. which they penetrate to a depth of 

 se\{'ral inclu>s — in one case to three feiM. In lat(> March and t'arly .April 

 they app(>ar(><l in South Dakota uiuIcm' weeds and rubbish, and in a lew 



]''in. 101. Tho Wostcrii Cirooii 

 Rf iiik-biiK, I'fnidloina uhlrn. Tluoo 

 tinios niiiur.Ml h'i/.o. 



