121 



sap exuding from tl.o wounds thus made attracts numbers of ants, which 

 often give the cultivator the first warning of injury to his corn. 



Thc! si)ocies pro])ably f(>d originally on coarse grasses, among which 

 It can frequently he found. Old and young occur in all stages virtually 

 throughout the year, oik; gencjration following another in the mild 

 southern climate, with scarc(>ly ;uiy interruption for the winter. The 

 development from egg to adult re(|uires about a month in midsummer 

 and two months in an open winter. 



TTIi: COMMON LKAF-H0P1'I':US. 



Among these minute insects, which swarm like thiy grasshoppers on 

 grass and grain, five may be selected as sufficiently injurious to corn 

 to merit some attention. These are Deltoccphalus invmicm and /;. nujri- 

 jr,m.s, Cicadula sexnotala, .\;/alha '/-punctata, and th(! appl(! leaf-hopper, 



\ 



P'^f^J 



\ 



Kmpoasra niali. The first four (.f these were mentioned by me in the 

 Fourteenth Report of this odice as sufficiently cmmon on" young corn 

 to f^ause some injury to the leaves, and the last becomes at times so 

 excessively abundant on the corn plant, and on other crops, that it 

 nuist pnxhice a noticeable effect. These leaf-hopi)ers are not over an 

 (nghth of ;in inch long, brownish or greenish, and variouslv marked 

 according to species. Af/allia //-punctata (I<Mg. 110, a.) is wedge- 

 .shai)ed, with the head very bn.a.l and short, yellowish brown, with a 

 pan- of round black dots on the head and another pair on th(. thorax. 

 Th(> young, which live over winter under boards and rubbish, are black- 

 ish, and curiously horned and eresied (Fig. 1 10, /,, ,•). Dcltocephalus 

 nntntcics (Fig. Ill, a) is gray-brown, the wings whitish, with brown bor- 

 <lers to the cells. It may be; recognized by six blackish dots, a pair on 



