CHERMESID/E IN RELATION TO BRITISH FORESTRY. 139 



(5) Sexuales. — The larv?e of the males and females hatch out 

 in about three weeks. They feed and moult four times. The 

 female lays a single fertilised yellow g.%% which hatches in three 

 to four weeks, giving a Fundatrix. 



According to Borner there is a species of this genus Cnaphalodes 

 sttobilobius (Kalt., Borner) similar to Cn. strobilobius (Kalt.), but 

 possessing both Gallicolje migrantes migrating to larch and non- 

 migrantes remaining on spruce. Cholodkovsky has found a 

 species in Russia which he names Chermes {Cnaphalodes) 

 lappom'cus, Choi., \a.v. pr^ecox, Choi. The galls open in June, and 

 the Gallicolae remain on spruce but do not secrete " wool." 



2. Spruce-Pine Series. 



This series is made up of one genus, the genus Pi?ieus 

 (Shimer). There are two species of this genus, namely, Pineus 

 pini (L.), Borner, and Pineus strobi (Htg.), Borner. The life- 

 cycle of the former species is passed on Oriental spruce {Picea 

 orientalis) and various pines, but principally Scots pine {Pi/ms 

 silvestris), while the life-cycle of the latter is passed on 

 Weymouth pine {Pi/ms sirobus). These Pineus species are 

 closely allied, but they differ both in structure and in life- 

 history. 



Genus Pineus. 



Pineits pini (L.), Borner. 



According to Cholodkovsky and Marchal this species is made 

 up of two biological races, identical in structure but differing 

 in life-history as follows : — 



{A) The Indigenous race, whose life-cycle is passed principally 



on pine. The cycle is a yearly one. 

 {B) The Oriental race, whose life-cycle is passed on Oriental 



spruce {Picea orientalis) and pine. This cycle takes 



two years to complete. 



The differentiation of the species Pineus pini into these two 

 races does not appear to be sharp, but to be largely dependent 

 on the absence or presence of Picea orientalis. My researches 

 only revealed the Indigenous race, but as galls of Pi}ieus pint 

 have been found on Picea orientalis in this country, both races 

 are, no doubt, present. 



